linux 啟動自動執行腳本
在 Linux 中，可以通過將腳本新增到啟動腳本中實現在系統啟動時自動執行腳本。
具體步驟如下：
- 編寫需要在啟動時執行的腳本檔案，例如 “myscript.sh”。
- 將腳本檔案複製到 /etc/init.d 目錄下，例如：
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sudo cp myscript.sh /etc/init.d/ - 授予腳本檔案執行權限，例如：
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sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/myscript.sh - 使用 update-rc.d 指令將腳本新增到啟動腳本中，例如：
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sudo update-rc.d myscript.sh defaults此指令將會將腳本新增到所有運行層級中。
- 重新啟動系統，腳本將會在啟動時自動執行。
如果您需要從啟動腳本中刪除腳本，可以使用以下指令：
sudo update-rc.d -f myscript.sh remove
希望這個回答可以幫助您實現在 Linux 啟動時自動執行腳本的需求。
Debian/Ubuntu 新增開機自動執行程式
在 Debian/Ubuntu 系統上，有一個程式我們想要讓他在開機後自動執行，該怎麼做？
首先需要替要執行的程式撰寫一個啟動停止的 script 放在 /etc/init.d/ 目錄下，該 script 必須要可以接受參數 “start”、”stop” 等，來對應啟動或是停止。可以參考 /etc/init.d/skeleton 來做修改：
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#! /bin/sh### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides: skeleton# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5# Default-Stop: 0 1 6# Short-Description: Example initscript# Description: This file should be used to construct scripts to be# placed in /etc/init.d.### END INIT INFO# Author: Foo Bar <foobar@baz.org>## Please remove the "Author" lines above and replace them# with your own name if you copy and modify this script.# Do NOT "set -e"# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh scriptPATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/binDESC="Description of the service"NAME=daemonexecutablenameDAEMON=/usr/sbin/$NAMEDAEMON_ARGS="--options args"PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pidSCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME# Exit if the package is not installed[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0# Read configuration variable file if it is present[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables. /lib/init/vars.sh# Define LSB log_* functions.# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.2-14) to ensure that this file is present# and status_of_proc is working.. /lib/lsb/init-functions## Function that starts the daemon/service#do_start(){ # Return # 0 if daemon has been started # 1 if daemon was already running # 2 if daemon could not be started start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \ || return 1 start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \ $DAEMON_ARGS \ || return 2 # Add code here, if necessary, that waits for the process to be ready # to handle requests from services started subsequently which depend # on this one. As a last resort, sleep for some time.}## Function that stops the daemon/service#do_stop(){ # Return # 0 if daemon has been stopped # 1 if daemon was already stopped # 2 if daemon could not be stopped # other if a failure occurred start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME RETVAL="$?" [ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2 # Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks # and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript. # If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code # that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be # needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to # sleep for some time. start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON [ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2 # Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit. rm -f $PIDFILE return "$RETVAL"}## Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service#do_reload() { # # If the daemon can reload its configuration without # restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP), # then implement that here. # start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME return 0}case "$1" in start) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME" do_start case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; stop) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;; 2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; status) status_of_proc "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $? ;; #reload|force-reload) # # If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out # and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'. # #log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME" #do_reload #log_end_msg $? #;; restart|force-reload) # # If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the # 'force-reload' alias # log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME" do_stop case "$?" in 0|1) do_start case "$?" in 0) log_end_msg 0 ;; 1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running *) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start esac ;; *) # Failed to stop log_end_msg 1 ;; esac ;; *) #echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2 echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload}" >&2 exit 3 ;;esac: |
或是如我們在嵌入式系統撰寫的簡易 script:
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#! /bin/sh# /etc/init.d/blah## Some things that run alwaystouch /var/lock/blah# Carry out specific functions when asked to by the systemcase "$1" in start) echo "Starting script blah " echo "Could do more here" ;; stop) echo "Stopping script blah" echo "Could do more here" ;; *) echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/blah {start|stop}" exit 1 ;;esacexit 0 |
修改其權限為可執行
$ chmod 755 /etc/init.d/blah
使用 update-rc.d 更新開機 script
$ update-rc.d blah defaults
default 的意思是使用預設值，亦即在 runlevel 2 3 4 5 啟動(start)， runlevel 0 1 6 停止 (stop)。
若不想要使用預設值，也可以指定 runlevel 與執行的順序：
update-rc.d blah start 20 2 3 4 . start 30 5 . stop 80 0 1 6 .
上述指令的意思為在 runlevel 2 3 4 執行啟動順序為 20， runlevel 5 執行啟動順序為 30， runlevel 0 1 6 執行停止順序為 80Debian runlevel 定義：
0:關機 (Halt)
1:單一使用者模式 (single user mode)
2-5: 多使用者模式 (multi user mode)
6: 系統重啟 (reboot)
最後，若是要將其取消開機執行則使用以下命令
$ update-rc.d -f blah remove
