{"id":108,"date":"2023-06-05T12:33:54","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T04:33:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pro369.com\/linux\/?p=108"},"modified":"2019-05-21T09:30:32","modified_gmt":"2019-05-21T09:30:32","slug":"%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%beredhat%e9%9d%9e%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e9%97%9c%e6%a9%9f%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e5%8b%95%e7%a3%81%e7%a2%9f%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%beredhat%e9%9d%9e%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e9%97%9c%e6%a9%9f%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e5%8b%95%e7%a3%81%e7%a2%9f%e4%bf%ae%e5%be%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5be6\u73feRedHat\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u95dc\u6a5f\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u78c1\u789f\u4fee\u5fa9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5be6\u73feRedHat\u975e\u6a19\u6e96\u95dc\u6a5f\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u78c1\u789f\u4fee\u5fa9<\/p>\n

\u5148\u767b\u5165\u5230\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\/etc\/sysconfig\u88e1\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500b\u6a94\u6848autofsck,
\u5167\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a AUTOFSCK_DEF_CHECK=yes PROMPT=yes ++\u6539\u8b8a\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u76ee\u9304\u4e4b\u6700\u5f8c\u4fee\u6539\u6642\u9593(\u8b8a\u70ba\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u6642\u9593)
\u57f7\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\uff1atouch name ( name \u53ef\u70ba\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u76ee\u9304\u540d\u7a31\u3002) ++\u5982\u4f55\u8a2d\u5b9alogin\u5f8c\u6b61\u8fce\u8a0a\u606f \u4fee\u6539\/etc\/motd\uff0c\u5f80\u88e1\u9762\u5beb\u5165\u6587\u5b57\u5373\u53ef\u3002
 ++\u5982\u4f55\u8a2d\u5b9alogin\u524d\u6b61\u8fce\u4ecb\u9762 \u4fee\u6539\/etc\/issue\u6216\u662fissue.net\uff0c\u5f80\u88e1\u9762\u5beb\u5165\u6587\u5b57\u3002
issue\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u672c\u6a5f\u767b\u5165\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u800cissue.net\u5247\u662f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u901a\u904e\u7db2\u8deftelnet\u7684\u6642\u5019\u51fa\u73fe\u3002
++\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u7db2\u8def\u5361MAC\u4f4d\u5740 \u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u9808\u95dc\u9589\u7db2\u8def\u5361\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6703\u5831\u544a\u7cfb\u7d71\u5fd9\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u8b8a\u66f4\u3002
\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a \/sbin\/ifconfig eth0 down \u4fee\u6539 MAC \u4f4d\u5740\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6b65\u8f03 Windows \u4e2d\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u8981\u7c21\u55ae\u3002
\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a\/sbin\/ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE \u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u7528\u7db2\u8def\u5361 \/sbin\/ifconfig eht0 up \u7db2\u8def\u5361\u7684 MAC \u4f4d\u5740\u8b8a\u66f4\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86
<\/strong>
<\/p>\n

++\u5efa\u7acb\u5225\u540d\/\u522a\u9664\u5225\u540d alias cp='cp -i' unalias cp ++\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5eab\u6a94\u6848
\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u77e5\u9053ls\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5eab\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a $ ldd \/bin\/ls ++\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u96e2\u958b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f8c\u4ecd\u7136\u904b\u884c
\u4f7f\u7528nohup command &\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1anohup wget -cftp:\/\/test.com\/test.iso #\u9019\u6a23\u5373\u4f7f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u96e2\u958b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0cwget\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4ecd\u7136\u7e7c\u7e8c\u904b\u884c\u76f4\u5230test.iso\u4e0b\u8f09\u5b8c\u6210\u70ba\u6b62
++\u5982\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5bc6\u78bc\u9577\u5ea6 \u4fee\u6539\/etc\/login.defs\u88e1\u9762\u7684PASS_MIN_LEN\u7684\u503c\u3002
\u6bd4\u5982\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6700\u5c0f\u5bc6\u78bc\u9577\u5ea6\u662f8\uff1a PASS_MIN_LEN 8 ++\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u6d88root\u6307\u4ee4\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u9304\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u6027
\u70ba\u4e86\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0d\u8a18\u9304\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\/etc\/profile\u88e1\u8a2d\u5b9a\uff1a HISTFILESIZE=0 HISTSIZE=0
\u6216\u662f\uff1a ln -s \/dev\/null ~\/.bash_history ++\u5982\u4f55\u6e2c\u8a66\u786c\u789f\u6548\u80fd \u4f7f\u7528hdparm -t -T \/dev\/hdX\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u8a66\u786c\u789f\u7684buffer-cache reads\u548cbuffered disk reads\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u7576\u4f5c\u786c\u789f\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u3002
\u540c\u6642\u4f7f\u7528hdparm -c3 \/dev\/hdaX\u9084\u80fd\u8a2d\u5b9a\u786c\u789f\u4ee532bit\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u8cc7\u6599\u50b3\u8f38\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
 
++\u5982\u4f55\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u4f54\u7528\u7684\u7a7a\u9593 du\u6216du -s\u6216du -k du -S | sort -n \u53ef\u4ee5\u8fc5\u901f\u767c\u73fe\u90a3\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u3002
\u7528df\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5df2\u5b89\u88dd\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5927\u5c0f\u53ca\u5269\u9918\u7a7a\u9593\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
quota -v\u6aa2\u8996\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u78c1\u789f\u7a7a\u9593\u8a0a\u606f,\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7528quota\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7a7a\u9593\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8a71\u3002
++\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u9678\u5f8c\u5f37\u5236\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u78bc #useradd -p \u300e\u300f testuser; chage -d 0 testuser<\/p>\n

++\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u6709\u6642\u958b\u6a5f\u4e0d\u81ea\u52d5\u6aa2\u67e5\u65b0\u786c\u9ad4\uff0c\u65b0\u5b89\u88dd\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5361\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u8acb\u554f\u600e\u9ebc\u89e3\u6c7a\uff1f
\u7b54\uff1a\u81ea\u52d5\u6aa2\u67e5\u65b0\u786c\u9ad4\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u662fKudzu\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u300cntsysv\u300d\u6307\u4ee4\u555f\u52d5\u8a72\u670d\u52d9\u3002
\u4e0b\u6b21\u91cd\u555f\u5c31\u6703\u627e\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u65b0\u7db2\u8def\u5361\u3002<\/p>\n

++\u5f9e\u53f0\u7063\u7701\u7684\u4e00\u500b \u7db2\u7ad9\u627e\u5230\u7684,\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u7cfb\u7d71\u5bc6\u78bc\u548csamba\u5bc6\u78bc\u4e00\u81f4,\u4e26\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u81ea\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc. \u4f7f\u7528web\u4ecb\u9762\u4f86\u540c\u6b65\u8b8a\u66f4system passwd \u53ca samba password
\u4e0b\u8f09 http:\/\/changepassword.sourceforge.net\/ \u5b89\u88dd\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86.\u5148\u770bREADME\u54c8.
\u9644\u52a0: \u5c07\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6279\u6b21\u5012\u6210samba\u4f7f\u7528\u8005. less \/etc\/passwd | mksmbpasswd.sh >; \/etc\/samba\/smbpasswd
++\u8b8a\u66f4Linux\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u7528\u5716\u5f62\u4ecb\u9762\u9084\u662f\u5b57\u5143\u4ecb\u9762 cd \/etc vi inittab \u5c07id:5:initdefault:
\u5176\u4e2d5\u8868\u793a\u9810\u8a2d\u5716\u5f62\u4ecb\u9762 \u6539id:3: initdefault: 3\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u5143\u4ecb\u9762 ++\u914d\u7f6esmb\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u54ea\u4e9bIP\u6240\u7528. cd \/etc\/samba Vi smb.conf \u627e\u5230hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127. \u4fee\u6539\u5176\u70ba\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a5f\u5668\u6240\u7528,\u6ce8\u610fIP\u4e4b\u9593\u7528\u9017\u865f\u5206\u958b
\u8209\u4f8b: hosts allow =192.168.1.110,192.168.1.120 ++\u7981\u6b62\u5728\u5f8c\u53f0\u4f7f\u7528CTRL-ALT-DELETE\u91cd\u8d77\u6a5f\u5668 cd \/etc\/inittab vi inittab \u5728\u6a94\u6848\u627e\u5230\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u884c # Trap CTRL-ALT-DELETE ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now \uff08\u8a3b\u91cb\u6389\u9019\u4e00\u884c\uff09
\u5982\uff1a # Trap CTRL-ALT-DELETE #ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdown -t3 -r now
++\u4fee\u6539\u4e3b\u6a5f\u540d vi \/etc\/sysconfig\/network \u4fee\u6539HOSTNAME\u4e00\u884c\u70baHOSTNAME=\u4e3b\u6a5f\u540d ++\u6aa2\u8996\u958b\u6a5f\u6aa2\u9a57\u7684\u786c\u9ad4 dmesg | more
++\u6aa2\u8996\u786c\u789f\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u6cc1 df –m
++\u6aa2\u8996\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u5927\u5c0f du –sh dirname
++\u89e3\u58d3\u5c0f\u5168 tar xvfj lichuanhua.tar.bz2 tar xvfz lichuanhua.tar.gz tar xvfz lichuanhua.tgz tar xvf lichuanhua.tar unzip lichuanhua.zip
\u6ce8:\u58d3\u7e2e tar cvfz FileName.tar.gz DirName ++\u986f\u793a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u6cc1 free –m
++\u986f\u793a\u7cfb\u7d71\u904b\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u9577\u6642\u9593 uptime ++\u986f\u793a\u958b\u6a5f\u81ea\u6aa2\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u6307\u4ee4 dmesg
++\u9023\u63a5\u57e0\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u6e05\u55ae \/etc\/services
++\u6aa2\u8996\u7269\u7406\u8a0a\u606f lspci
++\u6587\u5b57\u622a\u9762\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u652f\u63f4 RH 9.0\u81ea\u5e36\u5b89\u88dd\u5305 zhcon_0.2.3_1.rh9.i386.rpm \u5b89\u88dd\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u57f7\u884c: zhcon \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u63f4\u4e2d\u6587\u4e86
++linux \u63a7\u5236 windows
(1)\u7528RH9.0\u81ea\u5df1\u5e36rdesktop,\u7248\u672c\u662f1.2.0 \u6307\u4ee4\uff1ardesktop –u user –f 192.168.1.70 \u8272\u9810\u8a2d\u7684\u662f8\u4f4d
(2)\u8981\u9054\u523016\u8272\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u4e0b\u8f09\u65b0\u7248\u672c1.3.0 rdesktop –a 16 –u lichuanhua –g 800*600 192.168.1.70
++\u4e0d\u8b93\u986f\u793a\u5668\u4f11\u7720 setterm –blank 0
++\u986f\u793a\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u767b\u5165\u5230\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 last ++\u6aa2\u8996\u6240\u6709\u5e33\u865f\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u767b\u5165\u6642\u9593 lastlog \/var\/log\/lastlog
++\u6aa2\u8996\u7cfb\u7d71\u81ea\u958b\u901a\u4ee5\u4f86\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u767b\u5165\u6642\u9593\u548c\u5730\u9ede cat \/var\/log\/secure ++\u986f\u793a\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6240\u5c6c\u8a0a\u606f id
++\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053Apache\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u6578\u76ee ps -ef|grep httpd|wc -l #\u5176\u5b83\u670d\u52d9\u53ef\u4ee5\u985e\u63a8 netstat -nat|grep -i \u300c80\u301e|wc -l # \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7d50\u679c\u518d\u6e1b1\u5427
++\u522a\u9664\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e33\u865f\u7684\u540c\u6642,\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304\u4e5f\u4e00\u8d77\u522a\u9664 userdel -r \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d
++\u4fee\u6539\u5df2\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8a0a\u606f usermod [\u53c3\u6578] \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d \u53c3\u6578: -c, -d, -m, -g, -G, -s, -u\u4ee5\u53ca-o\u8207adduser\u53c3\u6578\u610f\u7fa9\u76f8\u540c \u65b0\u53c3\u6578: -l \u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d(\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u5e33\u865f,\u5373\u5c07\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d\u6539\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d)
++\u6539\u8b8aredhat\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a9e\u7cfb\/\u5b57\u96c6 \u6539 \/etc\/sysconfig\/i18n \u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5982 LANG=\u300den_US\u300d\uff0cxwindow\u6703\u986f\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c LANG=\u300dzh_tw.GB18030\u301e\uff0cxwindow\u6703\u986f\u793a\u4e2d\u6587\u4ecb\u9762\u3002
\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5 cp \/etc\/sysconfig\/i18n $HOME\/.i18n \u4fee\u6539 $HOME\/.i18n \u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5982 LANG=\u300den_US\u300d\uff0cxwindow\u6703\u986f\u793a\u82f1\u6587\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c LANG=\u300dzh_tw.GB18030\u301e\uff0cxwindow\u6703\u986f\u793a\u4e2d\u6587\u4ecb\u9762\u3002
\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8b8a\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u8a9e\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u5225\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 vi .bashrc export LANG=zh_tw.utf-8 export LC_ALL=zh_tw.utf-8
++cd\u5149\u789f\u505a\u6210iso\u6a94\u6848 cp \/dev\/cdrom xxxx.iso
++\u5feb\u901f\u89c0\u770b\u958b\u6a5f\u7684\u786c\u9ad4\u6aa2\u9a57 dmesg | more
++\u6aa2\u8996\u786c\u789f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u6cc1 df -k \u4ee5K\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u986f\u793a df -h \u4ee5\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u55ae\u4f4d\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fb,k,m,g,t..
++\u6aa2\u8996\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u5927\u5c0f du -sh dirname -s \u50c5\u986f\u793a\u7e3d\u8a08 -h \u4ee5K\u3001M\u3001G\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u3002KB\u3001MB\u3001GB\u662f\u4ee51024\u70ba\u63db\u7b97\u55ae \u4f4d\uff0c -H\u4ee51000\u70ba\u63db\u7b97\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002
++\u5c0b\u627e\u6216\u522a\u9664\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f fuser filename fuser -k filename
++linux\u4e2d\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9577\u5ea6,\u4e26\u4e14\u7b26\u5408\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6 vi \/etc\/login.defs\uff0c\u6539PASS_MIN_LEN
++\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u904b\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f su – username -c \u300c\/path\/to\/command\u300d \u6709\u6642\u5019\u9700\u8981\u904b\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f, \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93su\u4f86\u505a
++ adduser m -g cvsroot -s \/bin\/false \u52a0\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u8005m\uff0c\u53c3\u6578-s \/bin\/false\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5165\u4f3a\u670d\u5668 id m \u986f\u793am\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684uid\u548cgid\u865f\u3002
++ \u5f37\u5236\u5378\u8f09rpm\u5305 rpm -e –nodeps \u5305\u540d\u7a31 #\u500b\u5225\u4e0d\u6a19\u6e96\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b: rm -f \/var\/lib\/rpm\/__* rpm –rebuilddb
++\u62d2\u7d55\u9664root\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u767b\u9678 touch \/etc\/nologin \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\/etc\/passwd\u4e2d\u52a0!\u5c0d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9650\u5236\u767b\u9678
++\u6aa2\u67e5\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5c6c\u4e4b\u7fa4\u7d44\u540d\u7a31 \u57f7\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\uff1agroups
++\u4fee\u6539\u6a94\u6848\/\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u6240\u5c6c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7d44(\u652f\u63f4-R) chown .\u7d44\u540d \u6a94\u540d(\u6ce8:\u7d44\u540d\u540d\u52ff\u5fd8\u300d.\u300d\uff0c\u300c:\u300d\u4e5f\u53ef) \u4e5f\u53efchgrp \u7d44\u540d \u6a94\u540d chown \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d.\u7d44\u540d \u6a94\u540d(\u540c\u6642\u4fee\u6539\u6240\u5c6c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7d44)
++\u7528fuser\u6307\u4ee4\u6aa2\u8996\u4e00\u4e0b\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u500b\u5206\u5340\u4e0a\u7684\u6a94\u6848\uff1a fuser –v –m \/usr \u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u505c\u6389\u5b83\u5011\uff1a fuser -k –v –m \/usr \u7136\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u639b\u8f09\u9019\u4e9b\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e86\u3002
++\u7db2\u8def\u559a\u9192\u4e3b\u6a5f ether-wake \u76ee\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5361MAC
++\u5982\u4f55\u5c0b\u627e\u5927\u5c0f\u70ba500K\u52301000K\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6a94\u6848 find \/ -type f -size +500k -and -size -1000k ++\u8b93\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4e0d\u97ff\u61c9ping echo 1 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/icmp_echo_ignore_all \u82e5\u60f3\u6062\u5fa9\u5c31\u7528 echo 0 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/icmp_echo_ignore_all #\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u6539\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u662fvi\u4fee\u6539
++\u81ea\u52d5\u8a3b\u92b7ROOT \u7de8\u8f2f\u4f60\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6a94\u300dvi \/etc\/profile\u300d,\u5728"HISTSIZE="\u5f8c\u9762\u52a0\u5165\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u884c\uff1a \u3000\u3000TMOUT=300 \u3000\u3000#300\uff0c\u8868\u793a300\u79d2
++ls\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u9304 ls -lF | grep ^d ls -lF | grep \/$ ls -F | grep \/$
++\u8b93cron\u4efb\u52d9\u4e0d\u53cd\u994b\u8a0a\u606f * * * * * cmd > \/dev\/null 2>&1 ++lsof(list open files)\u7528\u6cd5 lsof -i :xx lsof abc.txt \u986f\u793a\u958b\u555f\u6a94\u6848abc.txt\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f lsof -i :22 \u77e5\u905322\u9023\u63a5\u57e0\u73fe\u5728\u904b\u884c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7a0b\u5f0f lsof -c nsd \u986f\u793ansd\u7a0b\u5f0f\u73fe\u5728\u958b\u555f\u7684\u6a94\u6848 lsof -g gid \u986f\u793a\u6b78\u5c6cgid\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u60c5\u6cc1
++\u6539\u8b8asshd \u7684\u9023\u63a5\u57e0 \u5728\/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config \u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u884c\uff1aPort 2222\uff0c\/etc\/init.d\/sshd restart \u91cd\u555f\u5b88\u8b77\u7a0b\u5f0f
++\u9632\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528su \u6307\u4ee4\u6210\u70baroot vi \/etc\/pam.d\/su\uff0c\u5728\u958b\u982d\u52a0\u5165\u4e0b\u9762\u5169\u884c\uff1a \u3000\u3000auth sufficient \/lib\/security\/pam_rootok.so \u3000\u3000auth required \/lib\/security\/Pam_wheel.so group=wheel \u7136\u5f8c\u628a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u65b0\u589e\u5230\u300cwheel\u300d\u7d44\uff1achmod -G10 username
++\u5982\u4f55\u8b93ssh \u53ea\u5bb9\u8a31\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u767b\u5165 \u65b9\u6cd51\uff1a\u5728\/etc\/pam.d\/sshd \u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165 auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=allow file=\/etc\/sshusers \u014dnerr=fail \u7136\u5f8c\u5728\/etc \u4e0b\u5efa\u7acbsshusers \u6a94\u6848,\u52a0\u5165\u5bb9\u8a31\u4f7f\u7528ssh \u670d\u52d9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d(\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d\u90fd\u8981\u55ae\u7368\u4e00\u884c),\u91cd\u65b0\u8d77\u52d5sshd
++\u5229\u7528ssh \u8907\u88fd\u6a94\u6848 1\u3001\u5f9eA \u8907\u88fdB\uff08\u63a8\u904e\u53bb\uff09 #scp -rp \/path\/filenameusername@remoteIP:\/path 2\u3001\u5f9eB \u8907\u88fd\u5230A\uff08\u62c9\u904e\u4f86\uff09#scp -rpusername@remoteIP:\/path\/filename\/path
++linux\u6a5f\u5668\u639b\u8f09windows\u4e0a\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6a94\u6848 windows IP:192.168.1.1 mount -t smbfs -o username=massky,password=massky \/\/192.168.1.1\/dbf \/mnt\/share \u5982\u60f3\u6a5f\u5668\u91cd\u555f\u81ea\u52d5\u639b\u8f09\uff0cvi \/etc\/fstab\u6700\u5f8c\u52a0\u5165\uff1a \/\/192.168.1.1\/dbf \/mnt\/share smbfs defaults,auto,username=massky,password=massky 0 0
++\u5b9a\u5236linux \u63d0\u793a\u7b26 \u5728bash \u4e2d\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u662f\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u91cf$PS1 \u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u3002\u7528export $PS1 \u6aa2\u8996\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u76f4 \u89c0\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70baexport PS1=\u300c[\/u@\/h \/W]\/$\u300d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\/u \u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d\uff0c\/h \u4ee3\u8868\u4e3b\u6a5f \u540d\uff0c\/W \u4ee3\u8868\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u5c64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\/$\u5247\u986f\u793a$\uff0croot \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u986f\u793a#\u3002
++\u6e05\u7406\u6a94\u6848 [echo] > \u6a94\u540d ++DNS\u95dc\u806f host -a domain.com #\u986f\u793a\u95dc\u806f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u90fd\u5217\u51fa\u4f86 host domain.com 202.106.0.20 #\u7528202.106.0.20\u9019\u53f0DNS\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u67e5\u8a62domain.com
++\u524d\u5f8c\u53f0\u4efb\u52d9\u95dc\u806f jobs \u5217\u51fa\u5c6c\u65bc\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f bg \u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u642c\u5230\u5f8c\u53f0\u904b\u884c\uff08Background\uff09 fg \u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u642c\u5230\u524d\u53f0\u904b\u884c\uff08Foreground\uff09 \u842c\u4e00\u4f60\u904b\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\u5fd8\u8a18\u4f7f\u7528\u300c&\u300d\u4e86\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u60f3\u91cd\u65b0\u57f7\u884c\u3002
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4f7f\u7528ctrl+z\u639b\u8d77\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6572\u5165bg\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c31\u5728\u5f8c\u53f0\u7e7c\u7e8c\u904b\u884c\u4e86\u3002
++\u5c0b\u627e\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u4e03\u5929\u524d\u7684\u6a94\u6848,\u4e26\u522a\u9664 find .\/ -mtime +7 -type f -exec rm {} \/;
++\u7522\u751f\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6a94\u6848(bs*count) dd if=\/dev\/zero \u014df=filename bs=1000000 count=10
++\u5c0b\u627e\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6a94\u6848\u4e26\u8b8a\u66f4\u526f\u6a94\u6848\u540d \u8b8a\u66f4\u6240\u6709.ss\u6a94\u6848\u70ba.aa # find .\/ -name "*.ss" -exec rename .ss .aa '{}' \/;
++\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\u9593 date -s "2005-6-4 17:26" ++\u8b93\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u81ea\u52d5\u540c\u6b65\u6642\u9593 0 1 * * * \/usr\/sbin\/ntpdate 210.72.145.44 \u6216 0 1 * * * rdate -s time.nist.gov ++\u89e3\u6c7a\u958b\u555f\u6a94\u6848\u904e\u591a\u7684\u554f\u984c \u5728etc\/security\/limits.conf \u914d\u7f6e\u6a94\u4e2d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6975\u9650\uff1a * soft nofile 2048 * hard nofile 4096 \u7cfb\u7d71\u7d1a\u6a94\u6848\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u6975\u9650\u53catimeout\u6642\u9593\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u5169\u884c\u5230 \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local \u555f\u52d5\u8173\u672c\u4e2d\uff1a # Increase system-wide file descr\u012bptor limit. echo 65536 > \/proc\/sys\/fs\/file-max echo 30 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/tcp_fin_timeout #\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u958b\u555f\u6a94\u6848\u6578\u6bd4\u8f03\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u6bcf4M\u7269\u7406\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4256\uff0c\u6bd4\u59821G\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u70ba65536\uff0c #\u800c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684i\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u6700\u5927\u958b\u555f\u6a94\u6848\u6578\u76ee\u76843\u500d\u52304\u500d
++\u5982\u4f55\u7528tar\u6253\u5305\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u6642,\u53bb\u6389\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b50\u76ee\u9304\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848 \u52a0\u53c3\u6578 –exclude \u5373\u53ef, \u53ef\u52a0\u6a94\u540d\u6216\u76ee\u9304\u540d, \u53ef\u591a\u5beb tar cvf –exclude {dirname,filename} #dirname\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0\/
++\u7d42\u7aef\u4e0b\u4fee\u6539\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6642\u5340 \/usr\/sbin\/timeconfig \u6216\u76f4\u63a5#\/etc\/sysconfig\/clock
++\u95dc\u9589\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e0d\u8db3256M\u63d0\u793a #vi \/etc\/rc.sysinit #\u628a\u6700\u5f8c\u516d\u884c\u8a3b\u91cb\u6389 \u6216#vi \/var\/lib\/supportinfo \u628a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684 MinRAM: 256M \u9019\u500b\u503c\u8abf\u4f4e\u9ede.
++\u5728\u591a\u5c64\u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u6307\u5b9a"\u5b57\u4e32" grep string -R \/etc\/sysconfig\/ find .\/pathname\/ -name '*' | xargs grep 'string' ++\u4f54\u7528CPU\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4 #yes string #\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6e2c\u8a66\u7528\u5f97\u4e0a\u3002\u72c2\u5360CPU
++Kill\u95dc\u806f kill -STOP [pid] \u3000\u50b3\u9001SIGSTOP (17,19,23)\u505c\u6b62\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6d88\u6ec5\u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002 \u3000\u3000kill -CONT [pid] \u3000\u3000\u50b3\u9001SIGCONT (19,18,25)\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u59cb\u4e00\u500b\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002 \u3000\u3000kill -KILL [pid] \u3000\u3000\u50b3\u9001SIGKILL (9)\u5f37\u8feb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u5be6\u65bd\u6e05\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u3000\u3000kill -9 -1 \u3000\u3000\u7d42\u6b62\u4f60\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002
++\u5728\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u5efa\u500bbak\u76ee\u9304,\u7136\u5f8c cp * bak,\u6703\u63d0\u793a\u7565\u904ebak,\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u8fa6\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848(\u593e)? ls -F|grep -v \/\/|xargs -i cp {} bak #\u63a8\u85a6 \u6216 find ! -name ".\/bak"
++\u6839\u64da\u7a0b\u5f0f\u540d\u986f\u793a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u865f # pidof httpd 1846 1845 1844 1843 1842 1841 1840 1839 1820 ++e2fsck \u6aa2\u67e5\u4f7f\u7528 Linux ext2 \u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684 partition \u662f\u5426\u6a19\u6e96\u5de5\u4f5c, \u6aa2\u67e5 \/dev\/hda5 \u662f\u5426\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7570\u5e38\u4fbf\u81ea\u52d5\u4fee\u5fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a2d\u5b9a\u82e5\u6709\u554f\u7b54\uff0c\u5747\u56de\u7b54[\u662f] : e2fsck -a -y \/dev\/hda5 ++\u53cd\u5411\u8f38\u51fa rev \u53cd\u5411\u8f38\u51fa(\u4ee5\u884c\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d) tac \u53cd\u5411\u8f38\u51fa(\u5168\u6587)
++\u986f\u793a\u7d42\u7aef\u865f tty ++\u6a94\u6848\u884c\u6578\/\u5b57\u6578\u7d71\u8a08 wc –l file \u8a08\u7b97\u6a94\u6848\u884c\u6578 wc -w file \u8a08\u7b97\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u55ae\u8a5e\u6578 wc -c file \u8a08\u7b97\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u6578 ++\u51fa\u6bcf\u884c\u7b2c5\u500b\u5230\u7b2c9\u500b\u5b57\u5143 cut -b5-9 file.txt
++\u522a\u9664\u6587\u5b57\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u884c\u5217 uniq ++\u8fd4\u56de\u6a94\u6848\u6240\u5728\u8def\u5f91 dirname \/bin\/tux #\u5c07\u8fd4\u56de \/bin ++fcitx\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u6a19\u6e96\u4f7f\u7528 #vi ~\/.bashrc xport LC_CTYPE="zh_tw.UTF-8" export XMODIFIERS="@im=fcitx" export XIM=fcitx export XIM_PROGRAM=fcitx #gnome-session-properties\u53ef\u4ee5\u628afctix\u52a0\u5165\u767b\u5165\u5f8c\u81ea\u555f\u52d5
++split\u5206\u5272\u5408\u4f75\u6a94\u6848 split -b1440k a_whopping_big_file chunk #\u62c6 cat chunk* > a_whopping_big_file #\u5408
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