{"id":18,"date":"2023-06-05T12:57:16","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T04:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pro369.com\/linux\/?p=18"},"modified":"2019-05-21T04:49:00","modified_gmt":"2019-05-21T04:49:00","slug":"linux%e4%b8%8bshell%e7%9a%84%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/linux%e4%b8%8bshell%e7%9a%84%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86\/","title":{"rendered":"linux\u4e0bshell\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong style=\"background-color: #ffff00\">linux\u4e0bshell\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> shell\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548cLinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u3002Linux\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u7a2eshell\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fBash\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86shell\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0cshell\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0cshell\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u64cd\u4f5c\u53caBash\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002 \u3000\u3000shell\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548cLinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u3002Linux\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u7a2eshell\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fBash\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86shell\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0cshell\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0cshell\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u64cd\u4f5c\u53caBash\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<br \/> \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fshell<br \/> Linux\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684shell\u4f5c\u70ba\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5916\u6bbc\uff0c\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u8a9e\u7cfb\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u89e3\u91cb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ca\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7684\u7d71\u7a31\u3002<br \/> shell\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548cLinux\u5167\u6838\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628aLinux\u5167\u6838\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7403\u9ad4\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0cshell\u5c31\u662f\u570d\u7e5e\u5167\u6838\u7684\u5916\u5c64\u3002\u7576\u5f9eshell\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5411Linux\u50b3\u905e\u6307\u4ee4\u6642\uff0c\u5167\u6838\u6703\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<br \/> shell\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u8a9e\u7cfb\u76f4\u8b6f\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u5167\u5efa\u7684shell\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\uff0cshell\u4e5f\u80fd\u88ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6240\u547c\u53eb\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u7531shell\u5148\u89e3\u91cb\u7136\u5f8c\u50b3\u7d66Linux\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<br \/> \u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6539\u8b8a\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u9304\u6307\u4ee4cd\uff0c\u662f\u5305\u62ec\u5728shell\u5167\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8907\u88fd\u6307\u4ee4cp\u548c\u642c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4rm\uff0c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u67d0\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u7684\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u95dc\u5fc3\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728shell\u5167\u5b9a\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<br \/> shell\u9996\u5148\u6aa2\u67e5\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5167\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u518d\u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fLinux\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982ls\u548crm\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7684\u5546\u696d\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982xv\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8edf\u9ad4\uff0c\u5982emacs\uff09\u3002\u7136\u5f8cshell\u5728\u641c\u5c0b\u8def\u5f91\u88e1\u5c0b\u627e\u9019\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u641c\u5c0b\u8def\u5f91\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u6e05\u55ae\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9375\u5165\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u8def\u5f91\u88e1\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u986f\u793a\u4e00\u689d\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u6210\u627e\u5230\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8a72\u5167\u5b9a\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c07\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u547c\u53eb\u4e26\u50b3\u7d66Linux\u5167\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n<p> shell\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u89e3\u91cb\u578b\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u8a9e\u7cfb\uff0cshell\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u8a9e\u7cfb\u652f\u63f4\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5728\u9032\u968e\u8a9e\u7cfb\u4e2d\u80fd\u898b\u5230\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u51fd\u6578\u3001\u8b8a\u91cf\u3001\u9663\u5217\u548c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u7d50\u69cb\u3002shell\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7c21\u55ae\u6613\u5b78\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u80fd\u9375\u5165\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u80fd\u653e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7684shell\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002<br \/> \u7576\u666e\u901a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u767b\u5165\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c07\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u500b\u7a31\u70bashell\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u6b63\u662fshell\u7a0b\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u9810\u8a2d\u503c\uff08TurboLinux\u7cfb\u7d71\u9810\u8a2d\u7684shell\u662fBASH\uff09\uff0c\u5c0d\u666e\u901a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7528\u300c$\u300d\u4f5c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u5c0d\u8d85\u7d1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff08root\uff09\u7528\u300c#\u300d\u4f5c\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u3002<br \/> \u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86shell\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9375\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\u540d\u7a31\u53ca\u6307\u4ee4\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u3002shell\u5c07\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u689d\u6307\u4ee4\u82b1\u8cbb\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u9375\u76e4\u4e0a\u6309ctrl+c\u767c\u51fa\u4e2d\u65b7\u4fe1\u865f\u4f86\u4e2d\u65b7\u5b83\uff08\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u7d50\u675f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u6b62\u5b83\u7684\u57f7\u884c\uff09\u3002<br \/> \u7576\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6e96\u5099\u7d50\u675f\u767b\u5165\u5c0d\u8a71\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9375\u5165logout\u6307\u4ee4\u3001exit\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u6a94\u6848\u7d50\u675f\u7b26\uff08EOF\uff09\uff08\u6309ctrl+d\u5be6\u73fe\uff09\uff0c\u7d50\u675f\u767b\u5165\u3002<br \/> \u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5be6\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e0bshell\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<br \/> $ make work<br \/> make:***No rule to make target \u300ework\u300f. Stop.<br \/> $<br \/> \u6ce8\u89e3\uff1amake\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u8ddf\u8457\u6307\u4ee4\u53c3\u6578\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u5f8c\uff0cshell\u4fbf\u57f7\u884c\u5b83\u3002\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u53c3\u6578\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u8fd4\u56de\u8a0a\u606f\u5f8c\u505c\u6b62\u8a72\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u3002<br \/> \u5728\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cshell\u6703\u5c0b\u627e\u540d\u70bamake\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5work\u70ba\u53c3\u6578\u57f7\u884c\u5b83\u3002make\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u7de8\u8b6f\u5927\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee5\u53c3\u6578\u4f5c\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u7de8\u8b6f\u3002\u5728 \u300cmake work\u300d\u4e2d\uff0cmake\u7de8\u8b6f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662fwork\u3002\u56e0\u70bamake\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4ee5work\u70ba\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4fbf\u7d66\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u8868\u793a\u904b\u884c\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u7cfb\u7d71\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e0b\u3002<br \/> \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9375\u5165\u6709\u95dc\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u5982\u679cshell\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4ee5\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u540d\u70ba\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7d66\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9375\u5165\uff1a<br \/> $ myprog<br \/> bash:myprog:command not found<br \/> $<br \/> \u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u627e\u5230\u8a72\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6572\u932f\u6307\u4ee4\u5f8c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e00\u822c\u6703\u7d66\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<br \/> shell\u7684\u7a2e\u985e<br \/> Linux\u4e2d\u7684shell\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e7e\u7a2e\u662fBourne shell\uff08sh\uff09\u3001C shell\uff08csh\uff09\u548cKorn shell\uff08ksh\uff09\u3002\u4e09\u7a2eshell\u5404\u6709\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede\u3002Bourne shell\u662fUNIX\u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684shell\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u6bcf\u7a2eUNIX\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002Bourne shell\u5728shell\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u7576\u512a\u79c0\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8655\u7406\u8207\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u5e7e\u7a2eshell\u3002Linux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u9810\u8a2d\u7684shell\u662fBourne Again shell\uff0c\u5b83\u662fBourne shell\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31Bash\uff0c\u8207Bourne shell\u5b8c\u5168\u5411\u5f8c\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728Bourne shell\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u589e\u5f37\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7279\u6027\u3002Bash\u653e\u5728\/bin\/bash\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5982\u6307\u4ee4\u88dc\u5168\u3001\u6307\u4ee4\u7de8\u8f2f\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\u6b77\u53f2\u8868\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5f88\u591aC shell\u548cKorn shell\u4e2d\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u6709\u9748\u6d3b\u548c\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u6709\u5f88\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762\u3002<br \/> C shell\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6bd4Bourne shell\u66f4\u9069\u65bc\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684shell\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8207C\u8a9e\u7cfb\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002 Linux\u70ba\u559c\u6b61\u4f7f\u7528C shell\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Tcsh\u3002Tcsh\u662fC shell\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5ef6\u4f38\u7248\u672c\u3002Tcsh\u5167\u542b\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u7de8\u8f2f\u3001\u53ef\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u55ae\u8a5e\u88dc\u5168\u3001\u62fc\u5b57\u6821\u6b63\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u6307\u4ee4\u53d6\u4ee3\u3001\u4f5c\u696d\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u985e\u4f3cC\u8a9e\u7cfb\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u548cBash shell\u662f\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4Bash shell\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u53c3\u6578\u3002<br \/> Korn shell\u96c6\u5408\u4e86C shell\u548cBourne shell\u7684\u512a\u9ede\u4e26\u4e14\u548cBourne shell\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002Linux\u7cfb\u7d71\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86pdksh\uff08ksh\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u63f4\u4efb\u52d9\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u639b\u8d77\u3001\u5f8c\u53f0\u57f7\u884c\u3001\u559a\u9192\u6216\u7d42\u6b62\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<br \/> Linux\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u51b7\u843d\u5176\u4ed6shell\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u9084\u5167\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d41\u884c\u7684shell\u5982ash\u3001zsh\u7b49\u3002\u6bcf\u500bshell\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u6709\u4e9bshell\u662f\u6709\u5c08\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u80fd\u5f9eInternet\u7db2\u4e0a\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4f86\u6e90\u7372\u5f97\u3002\u8981\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u500bshell\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8b80\u4e00\u4e0b\u5404\u7a2eshell\u7684\u806f\u6a5f\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<br \/> \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u767b\u5165\u5230Linux\u6642\u7531\/etc\/passwd\u6a94\u6848\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u500bshell\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> # fgrep lisa \/etc\/passwd<br \/> lisa:x:500:500:TurboLinux User:\/home\/lisa:\/bin\/bash<br \/> shell\u88ab\u5217\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\uff08\/bin\/bash\uff09\u3002<br \/> \u7531\u65bcBash\u662fLinux\u4e0a\u9810\u8a2d\u7684shell\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39Bash\u53ca\u5176\u95dc\u806f\u77e5\u8b58\u3002<br \/> shell\u6307\u4ee4<br \/> \u6307\u4ee4\u884cc<br \/> \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u767b\u5165\u5230Linux\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500bshell\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u6a19\u8b58\u4e86\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5f8c\u9762\u8f38\u5165\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u4ee4\u53ca\u53c3\u6578\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ date<br \/> \u4e8c 11 23 01:34:58 CST 1999<br \/> $<br \/> \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u767b\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u9032\u5165\u4e86shell\uff0c\u5b83\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5c07\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u4e26\u50b3\u7d66\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5b57\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u9078\u9805\u6216\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5b57\u5fc5\u9808\u7531\u7a7a\u683c\u6216TAB\u9694\u958b\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<br \/> $ Command Option Arguments<br \/> 1. \u9078\u9805\u548c\u53c3\u6578<br \/> \u9078\u9805\u662f\u5167\u542b\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u7684\u4ee3\u78bc\uff0c\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u6e1b\u865f\uff08\u6e1b\u865f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0cLinux\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u5340\u5225\u9078\u9805\u548c\u53c3\u6578\uff09\uff0c\u9078\u9805\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u6307\u4ee4\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u7684\u985e\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ ls<br \/> motd passwd<br \/> $<br \/> \u9019\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u9078\u9805\u7684ls\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u5217\u51fa\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u53ea\u5217\u51fa\u5404\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u986f\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<br \/> $ ls -l<br \/> total 2<br \/> -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 2 wzh book 22 Apr 20 20:37 motd<br \/> -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 2 wzh book 796 Apr 20 20:37 passwd<br \/> $<br \/> \u52a0\u5165-l\u9078\u9805\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u884c\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u8cc7\u6599\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u6700\u5f8c\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002<br \/> \u5927\u591a\u6578\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u7d0d\u53c3\u6578\u3002\u53c3\u6578\u662f\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u9078\u9805\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9375\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u55ae\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ ls -l text<br \/> -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 2 wzh book 22 Apr 20 20:37 motd<br \/> -rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; 2 wzh book 796 Apr 20 20:37 passwd<br \/> $<br \/> \u5c07\u986f\u793atext\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u53ca\u5176\u8a0a\u606f\u3002<br \/> \u6709\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982ls\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e36\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u5c0f\u6578\u76ee\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ccp\u6307\u4ee4\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u8981\u5169\u500b\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u8207\u6307\u4ee4\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0cshell\u5c07\u6703\u7d66\u51fa\u51fa\u932f\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ cp -i mydata newdata<br \/> \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u9078\u9805\u5148\u65bc\u53c3\u6578\u8f38\u5165\u3002<br \/> 2. \u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u7279\u5fb5<br \/> \u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6587\u5b57\u7de9\u6c96\u5340\uff0c\u5728\u6309\u63db\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u9032\u884c\u7de8\u8f2f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5229\u7528BACKSPACE\u9375\u53ef\u4ee5\u522a\u9664\u525b\u9375\u5165\u7684\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u6574\u884c\u522a\u9664\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d2\u5165\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u8f38\u5165\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u6307\u4ee4\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u51fa\u73fe\u9375\u5165\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u7121\u9808\u91cd\u65b0\u8f38\u5165\u6574\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5229\u7528\u7de8\u8f2f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6539\u6b63\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<br \/> \u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u7bad\u982d\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u986f\u793a\u525b\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\u57f7\u884c\u4ee5\u524d\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9808\u91cd\u65b0\u9375\u5165\u8a72\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<br \/> bash\u5132\u5b58\u8457\u4ee5\u524d\u9375\u5165\u904e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6e05\u55ae\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6e05\u55ae\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6307\u4ee4\u6b77\u53f2\u8868\u3002\u6309\u52d5\u4e0a\u7bad\u982d\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u9010\u6b21\u986f\u793a\u5404\u689d\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u540c\u6a23\uff0c\u6309\u52d5\u4e0b\u7bad\u982d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u6e05\u55ae\u4e2d\u5411\u4e0b\u642c\u79fb\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5404\u689d\u6307\u4ee4\u986f\u793a\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u4e26\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7279\u5fb5\u5c07\u572810.4\u7bc0\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<br \/> \u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f6e\u5165\u591a\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u5206\u865f\u5c07\u5404\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u9694\u958b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ ls -F;cp -i mydata newdata<br \/> \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5e7e\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f38\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u69d3\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u6301\u7e8c\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u884c\u3002<br \/> $ cp &ndash;i<br \/> mydata<br \/> newdata<\/p>\n<p> \u4e0a\u9762\u7684cp\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u884c\u4e2d\u8f38\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u7684\u5169\u884c\u4ee5\u53cd\u659c\u69d3\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u628a\u4e09\u884c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u3002<br \/> shell\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143<br \/> shell\u4e2d\u9664\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u7fa9\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u6642\u61c9\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u5225\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143\u52a0\u4ee5\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002<br \/> 1. \u901a\u914d\u7b26<br \/> \u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7528\u65bc\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u6a94\u540d\u7b26\u5408\u3001\u8def\u7d93\u540d\u641c\u5c0b\u3001\u5b57\u4e32\u641c\u5c0b\u7b49\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6709*\u3001?\u548c\u62ec\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u3014 \u3015\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f5c\u70ba\u6307\u4ee4\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u6a94\u540d\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u9019\u4e9b\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b26\u5408\u3002<br \/> * \u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u5b57\u4e32\uff08\u9577\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u300cf*\u300d\u7b26\u5408\u4ee5f\u6253\u982d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u4e32\u3002\u4f46\u61c9\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6a94\u540d\u524d\u7684\u5713\u9ede\uff08.\uff09\u548c\u8def\u7d93\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u659c\u7dda\uff08\/\uff09\u5fc5\u9808\u986f\u5f0f\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300c*\u300d\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b26\u5408.file\uff0c\u800c\u300c.*\u300d\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408.file\u3002<br \/> ? \u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u55ae\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u3002<br \/> \u3014\u3015 \u4ee3\u8868\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6a94\u540d\u4e2d\u3014\u3015\u4f4d\u7f6e\u8655\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u5728\u3014\u3015\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u6a94\u540d\u5c31\u8207\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u7bc4\u570d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u76f4\u63a5\u7d66\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u8868\u793a\u9650\u5b9a\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u5b57\u5143\u3001\u7d42\u6b62\u5b57\u5143\u53ca\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u9023\u5b57\u5143\uff08-\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cf \u3014a- d\u3015 \u8207f \u3014abcd\u3015\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u3002Shell\u5c07\u628a\u8207\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u540d\u90fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u518d\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u3002<br \/> \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5011\u7d66\u51fa\u886810-1\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u4e9b\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u542b\u7fa9\u3002<br \/> \u886810-1\u3000\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u542b\u7fa9\u8209\u4f8b<br \/> \u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32<br \/> \u610f \u7fa9<br \/> *<br \/> \u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002<br \/> *Text*<br \/> \u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u540d\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6709Text\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002<br \/> \u3014ab-dm\u3015*<br \/> \u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u4ee5a\u3001b\u3001c\u3001d\u3001m\u958b\u982d\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002<br \/> \u3014ab-dm\u3015?<br \/> \u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u4ee5a\u3001b\u3001c\u3001d\u3001m\u958b\u982d\u4e14\u5f8c\u9762\u53ea\u8ddf\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002<br \/> \/usr\/bin\/??<br \/> \u76ee\u9304\/usr\/bin\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u540d\u7a31\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u3002<br \/> \u7279\u5225\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9023\u5b57\u5143\u300c-\u300d\u50c5\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u5143\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u5916\u9762\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\u4e86\u3002\u800c*\u548c?\u53ea\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u5916\u9762\u662f\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u82e5\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u4e4b\u5167\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u4e5f\u5931\u53bb\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u300c- a\u3014*?\u3015abc\u300d\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5c0d\u65b9\u62ec\u865f\u662f\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c*\u548c?\u5747\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u53ea\u80fd\u662f- a*abc\u548c- a?abc\u3002<br \/> \u6700\u5f8c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6642\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u7531\u65bc*\u3001?\u548c\u3014\u3015\u5c0d\u65bcshell\u4f86\u8aaa\u5177\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u6a94\u540d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u61c9\u51fa\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u5143\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u76ee\u9304\u540d\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u5426\u5247Shell\u7b26\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7121\u7aae\u7684\u905e\u6b78\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u8207\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u7684\u6a94\u540d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebcShell \u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e32\u672c\u8eab\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u6578\u50b3\u7d66\u6709\u95dc\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002<br \/> 2. \u5f15\u865f<br \/> \u5728shell\u4e2d\u5f15\u865f\u5206\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\uff0c\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u548c\u53cd\u5f15\u865f\u3002<br \/> * \u55ae\u5f15\u865f \u300e<br \/> \u7531\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\u62ec\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u90fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143\u7528\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\u62ec\u8d77\u4f86\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u5931\u53bb\u539f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u4f5c\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ string=\u300f$PATH\u300f<br \/> $ echo $string<br \/> $PATH<br \/> $<br \/> \u53ef\u898b$\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<br \/> * \u96d9\u5f15\u865f \u300c<br \/> \u7531\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u62ec\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u9664$\u3001\u3001\u300f\u3001\u548c\u300d\u9019\u5e7e\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u4ecd\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143\u4e26\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u5b57\u5143\u4ecd\u4f5c\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc$\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5176\u5f8c\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8b8a\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u4f86\u4ee3\u66ff\u9019\u500b\u8b8a\u91cf\u548c$\uff1b\u5c0d\u65bc\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u8f49\u7fa9\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u5b83\u544a\u8a34shell\u4e0d\u8981\u5c0d\u5176\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u90a3\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u9032\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u53ea\u7576\u4f5c\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u5143\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u898b\uff0c\u5728\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u500b\u5b57\u5143$\uff0c\uff0c\u300f\u548c\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u800c\u5c0d\u300d\u865f\uff0c\u82e5\u5176\u524d\u9762\u6c92\u6709\u52a0\uff0c\u5247Shell\u6703\u5c07\u5b83\u540c\u524d\u4e00\u500b\u300d\u865f\u7b26\u5408\u3002<br \/> \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5047\u5b9aPATH\u7684\u503c\u70ba.:\/usr\/bin:\/bin\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u5982\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<br \/> $ TestString\uff1d\u300d$PATH\u300d$PATH\u300d<br \/> $ echo $TestString<br \/> .:\/usr\/bin:\/ bin\u300d$PATH<br \/> $<br \/> \u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u8a66\u4e00\u4e0b\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u96d9\u5f15\u865f\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u52a0\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p> * \u53cd\u5f15\u865f `<br \/> \u53cd\u5f15\u865f\uff08`\uff09\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u5143\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u9375\u4e00\u822c\u4f4d\u65bc\u9375\u76e4\u7684\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5c07\u5176\u540c\u55ae\u5f15\u865f\uff08\u300f\uff09\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u53cd\u5f15\u865f\u62ec\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u88abshell\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6642\uff0cshell\u9996\u5148\u57f7\u884c\u8a72\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u5b83\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\u53d6\u4ee3\u6574\u500b\u53cd\u5f15\u865f\uff08\u5167\u542b\u5169\u500b\u53cd\u5f15\u865f\uff09\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ pwd<br \/> \/home\/xyz<br \/> $ string=\u300dcurrent directory is `pwd`\u300d<br \/> $ echo $string<br \/> current directour is \/home\/xyz<br \/> $<br \/> shell\u57f7\u884cecho\u6307\u4ee4\u6642\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u57f7\u884c`pwd`\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4pwd\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\/home\/xyz\u53d6\u4ee3`pwd`\u9019\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u8f38\u51fa\u53d6\u4ee3\u5f8c\u7684\u6574\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u3002<br \/> \u5229\u7528\u53cd\u5f15\u865f\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u7f6e\u63db\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u53cd\u5f15\u865f\u62ec\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u7d50\u679c\u8ce6\u503c\u7d66\u6307\u5b9a\u8b8a\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ today=`date`<br \/> $ echo Today is $today<br \/> Today is Mon Apr 15 16:20:13 CST 1999<br \/> $<br \/> \u53cd\u5f15\u865f\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u5d4c\u5957\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5d4c\u5957\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u5167\u5c64\u7684\u53cd\u5f15\u865f\u5fc5\u9808\u7528\u53cd\u659c\u7dda\uff08\uff09\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u7fa9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ abc=`echo The number of users is `who| wc-l&#8220;<br \/> $ echo $abc<br \/> The number of users is 5<br \/> $<br \/> \u5728\u53cd\u5f15\u865f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528shell\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143\u3002Shell\u70ba\u5f97\u5230&#8220;\u4e2d\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5b83\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8981\u53bb\u57f7\u884c&#8220;\u4e2d\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u57f7\u884c\u6642\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u5982$\uff0c\u300d\uff0c?\u7b49\u53c8\u5c07\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14&#8220;\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u6cd5\u7684Shell\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ ls<br \/> note readme.txt Notice Unix.dir<br \/> $ TestString\uff1d\u300d`echo $HOME ` ` ls \u3014nN\u3015*`\u300d<br \/> $ echo $TestString<br \/> \/home\/yxz note Notice<br \/> $<br \/> \u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u8a66\u4e4b\u3002<br \/> 1. \u6ce8\u89e3\u7b26<br \/> \u5728shell\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u8981\u5c0d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6b63\u6587\u884c\u9032\u884c\u6ce8\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u53ef\u8b80\u6027\u3002\u5728Shell\u4e2d\u4ee5\u5b57\u5143\u300c#\u300d\u958b\u982d\u7684\u6b63\u6587\u884c\u8868\u793a\u6ce8\u89e3\u884c\u3002<br \/> \u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u5b57\u5143\u5982\uff1a\u7528\u65bc\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8207\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u3001 &gt;\u548c|\uff1b\u57f7\u884c\u5f8c\u53f0\u6307\u4ee4\u7684&amp;amp;\uff1b\u6307\u4ee4\u57f7\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26&amp;amp;&amp;amp;\u548c||\u53ca\u8868\u793a\u6307\u4ee4\u7d44\u7684{}\u5c07\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u5404\u5c0f\u7bc0\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002<br \/> \u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u548c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<br \/> 1. \u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\u8207\u8f38\u51fa<br \/> \u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u500bshell\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u6642\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u81ea\u52d5\u958b\u555f\u4e09\u500b\u6a19\u6e96\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\u6a94\u6848\uff08stdin\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c0d\u61c9\u7d42\u7aef\u7684\u9375\u76e4\uff1b\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u6a94\u6848\uff08stdout\uff09\u548c\u6a19\u6e96\u932f\u8aa4\u8f38\u51fa\u6a94\u6848\uff08stderr\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u90fd\u5c0d\u61c9\u7d42\u7aef\u7684\u87a2\u5e55\u3002\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c07\u5f9e\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8f38\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u5c07\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u8cc7\u6599\u8f38\u51fa\u5230\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u9001\u5230\u6a19\u6e96\u932f\u8aa4\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u3002<br \/> \u6211\u5011\u4ee5cat\u6307\u4ee4\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0ccat\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5f9e\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u7d66\u51fa\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u76f4\u63a5\u9001\u5230\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u3002\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<br \/> $ cat config<br \/> \u5c07\u6703\u628a\u6a94\u6848config\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4f9d\u6b21\u986f\u793a\u5230\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679ccat\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u5f9e\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\u4e2d\u8b80\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u9001\u5230\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ cat<br \/> Hello world<br \/> Hello world<br \/> Bye<br \/> Bye<\/p>\n<p> $<br \/> \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u7acb\u523b\u88abcat\u6307\u4ee4\u8f38\u51fa\u5230\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<br \/> \u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4sort\u6309\u884c\u8b80\u5165\u6a94\u6848\u6b63\u6587\uff08\u7576\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u7d66\u51fa\u6a94\u540d\u6642\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f9e\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\u8b80\u5165\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u7d50\u679c\u9001\u5230\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5f9e\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\u8b80\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u63a1\u8cfc\u55ae\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<br \/> $ sort<br \/> bananas<br \/> carrots<br \/> apples<\/p>\n<p> apples<br \/> bananas<br \/> carrots<br \/> $<br \/> \u9019\u6642\u6211\u5011\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u63a1\u8cfc\u55ae\u3002<br \/> \u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u6a94\u6848\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u554f\u984c\uff1a<br \/> \u8f38\u5165\u8cc7\u6599\u5f9e\u7d42\u7aef\u8f38\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8cbb\u4e86\u534a\u5929\u52c1\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u60f3\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u6642\u5c31\u5f97\u91cd\u65b0\u8f38\u5165\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u7d42\u7aef\u4e0a\u8f38\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u8f38\u5165\u6709\u8aa4\u4fee\u6539\u8d77\u4f86\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<br \/> \u8f38\u51fa\u5230\u7d42\u7aef\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u4e0d\u80fd\u52d5\u3002\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5c0d\u6b64\u8f38\u51fa\u4f5c\u66f4\u591a\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u5c07\u8f38\u51fa\u4f5c\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u9032\u884c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8655\u7406\u7b49\u3002<br \/> \u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7d71\u70ba\u8f38\u5165\u3001\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u50b3\u8f38\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u7a2e\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u3002<br \/> 2. \u8f38\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<br \/> \u8f38\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u662f\u6307\u628a\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u6216\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u5165\u91cd\u5c0e\u81f3\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f86\u81ea\u9375\u76e4\uff0c\u800c\u4f86\u81ea\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6e90\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6539\u8b8a\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u6e90\u3002<br \/> \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6307\u4ee4wc\u7d71\u8a08\u6307\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u884c\u6578\u3001\u55ae\u8a5e\u6578\u548c\u5b57\u5143\u6578\u3002\u5982\u679c\u50c5\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0a\u9375\u5165\uff1a<br \/> $ wc<br \/> wc\u5c07\u7b49\u5f85\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u544a\u8a34\u5b83\u7d71\u8a08\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u9019\u6642shell\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u6b7b\u4e86\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5f9e\u9375\u76e4\u9375\u5165\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u5b57\u90fd\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6309\u4e0b\uff1cctrl+d\uff1e\uff0cwc\u624d\u5c07\u6307\u4ee4\u7d50\u679c\u5beb\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u3002<br \/> \u5982\u679c\u7d66\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6a94\u540d\u4f5c\u70bawc\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u4f8b\u6240\u793a\uff0cwc\u5c07\u8fd4\u56de\u8a72\u6a94\u6848\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u884c\u6578\u3001\u55ae\u8a5e\u6578\u548c\u5b57\u5143\u6578\u3002<br \/> $ wc \/etc\/passwd<br \/> 20 23 726 \/etc\/passwd<br \/> $<br \/> \u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u628a\/etc\/passwd\u6a94\u6848\u5167\u5bb9\u50b3\u7d66wc\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411wc\u7684\u8f38\u5165\u3002\u8f38\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4this text forms the content<br \/> &gt;of the here document\uff0cwhich<br \/> &gt;continues until the end of<br \/> &gt;text delimter<br \/> &gt;delim<br \/> 4 17 98<br \/> \u5728\u6a94\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ ls &gt; directory.out<br \/> $ cat directory.out<br \/> ch1.doc ch2.doc ch3.doc chimp config mail\/ test\/<br \/> $<br \/> \u5c07ls\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u5132\u5b58\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70badirectory.out\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u3002<br \/> \u8a3b\uff1a\u5982\u679c&gt;\u7b26\u865f\u5f8c\u908a\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u5c07\u88ab\u91cd\u5beb\u3002<br \/> \u70ba\u907f\u514d\u8f38\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u653e\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0cshell\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8f38\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ffd\u52a0\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u8f38\u51fa\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u8207\u8f38\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5340\u5225\u50c5\u5728\u65bc\u8f38\u51fa\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u628a\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u6216\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u800c\u8a72\u6a94\u6848\u539f\u6709\u5167\u5bb9\u4e0d\u88ab\u7834\u58de\u3002<br \/> \u5982\u679c\u8981\u5c07\u4e00\u689d\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26&gt;&gt;\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4&gt;&gt;\u6a94\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ ls *.doc&gt;&gt;directory.out<br \/> $ cat directory.out<br \/> ch1.doc ch2.doc ch3.doc chimp config mail\/ test\/<br \/> ch1.doc ch2.doc ch3.doc<br \/> $<br \/> \u548c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u8f38\u51fa\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u5411\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7b26\u865f2&gt;\uff08\u6216\u8ffd\u52a0\u7b26\u865f2&gt;&gt;\uff09\u8868\u793a\u5c0d\u932f\u8aa4\u8f38\u51fa\u88dd\u7f6e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a<br \/> $ ls \/usr\/tmp 2&gt; err.file<br \/> \u53ef\u5728\u87a2\u5e55\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u9001\u5230\u6a94\u6848err.file\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5099\u5c07\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u7528\u3002<br \/> \u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8f38\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08&amp;amp;&gt;\uff09\u5c07\u6a19\u6e96\u8f38\u51fa\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u8f38\u51fa\u540c\u6642\u9001\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u6a94\u6848\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<br \/> $ ls \/usr\/tmp &amp;amp;&gt; output.file<br \/> \u5229\u7528\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5c07\u6307\u4ee4\u7d44\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u53ef\u5be6\u73fe\u7cfb\u7d71\u55ae\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a<br \/> $ ls \/usr\/bin &gt; \/tmp\/dir<br \/> $ wc &ndash;w<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>linux\u4e0bshell\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406 shell\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u548cLinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u3002Linux\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u7a2eshel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[20],"class_list":["post-18","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","tag-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}