{"id":28,"date":"2023-06-05T12:37:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T04:37:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pro369.com\/linux\/?p=28"},"modified":"2019-06-02T14:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-06-02T14:00:00","slug":"linux-%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%a4%a7%e6%90%9c%e5%88%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/linux-%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e5%a4%a7%e6%90%9c%e5%88%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u5e38\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u641c\u522e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux \u5e38\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u641c\u522e<\/font><\/p>\n

1.# \u8868\u793a\u6b0a\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u8005(\u5982:root),$ \u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
  \u958b\u6a5f\u63d0\u793a:Login:\u8f38\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d
  password:\u8f38\u5165\u5bc6\u78bc   \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a3b\u518a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u767b\u9678\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u5165\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u74b0\u5883.
  \u96e2\u958b\u73fe\u7528\u7684shell,\u8f38\u5165:exit<\/p>\n

2.useradd netseek \u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u500bnetseek\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
  passwd netseek  \u7d66netseek\u9019\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5bc6\u78bc.
  (\/etc\/passwd \/etc\/group)
  userdel netseek \u522a\u9664\u5e33\u865f
  userdel -r netseek \u522a\u9664\u5e33\u865f\u9023\u540c\u81ea\u5bb6\u76ee\u9304.
  [\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8acb\u53c3\u95b1man page,\u548c\u5e33\u865f\u7ba1\u7406\u7bc7]
<\/strong>
<\/p>\n

3.\u6aa2\u8996\u6307\u4ee4
  ls -l                \u986f\u793a\u6a94\u6848\u6e05\u55ae
  ls -al        -a \u986f\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u53ca\u76ee\u9304 (ls\u5167\u5b9a\u5c07\u6a94\u6848\u540d\u6216\u76ee\u9304\u540d\u7a31\u958b\u982d\u70ba"."\u7684\u8996\u70ba\u96b1\u85cf\u6a94\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u5217\u51fa)
  ls -al |grep '^d'   \u986f\u793a\u76ee\u9304
  ls -al |grep '^[^d]' \u5728\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u9304\u4e2d\u67e5\u8a62\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a94\u6848
  ls -sh        (man ls \u6aa2\u8996man\u8aaa\u660e.)
 
  linux\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6a94\u6848\u985e\u578b:
  d    \u8868\u793a\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u76ee\u9304
  –    \u8868\u793a\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u666e\u901a\u6a94\u6848
  b    \u8868\u793a\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u584a\u88dd\u7f6eI\/O\u6a94\u6848
  c    \u8868\u793a\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b57\u5143\u88dd\u7f6eI\/O\u6a94\u6848
  l    \u8868\u793a\u6b64\u6a94\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u9023\u7dda\u6a94\u6848\u3002\u5728\u5176\u6a94\u540d\u7a31\u5f8c\u7dca\u8ddf\u8207\u5b83\u9023\u7dda\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u8def\u5f91\u53ca\u540d\u7a31<\/p>\n

  file \u6307\u4ee4\u901a\u904e\u63a2\u6e2c\u6a94\u6848\u5167\u5bb9\u5224\u65b7\u6a94\u6848\u985e\u578b<\/p>\n

4.\u5efa\u7acb\u6a94\u6848\u548c\u76ee\u9304
  touch 1.txt
  cat > 2.txt (\u7528\u5b9a\u5411\u7b26\u5efa\u7acb\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u586b\u5beb\u5167\u5bb9\u5f8c\uff0c\u6309ctrl+d\u5132\u5b58\u5167\u5bb9)
  mkdir mywork \u5efa\u7acbmywork\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u9304<\/p>\n

5.\u8907\u88fd\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u76ee\u9304
  cp filename1 filename2
  cp -r dir1 dir2 \u8907\u88fd\u76ee\u9304
  cp -rf \u53c3\u6578f\u662f\u522a\u9664\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u800c\u4e0d\u63d0\u793a
  cp -i  \u53c3\u6578i\u548cf\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u8986\u84cb\u76ee\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u4e4b\u524d\u5c07\u7d66\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u78ba\u8a8d\uff0c\u56de\u7b54y\u6642\u76ee\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u5c07\u88ab\u8986\u84cb\uff0c\u662f\u4ea4\u8ac7\u5f0f\u8907\u88fd.<\/p>\n

6.\u522a\u9664\u6a94\u6848\u548c\u76ee\u9304(\u522a\u9664\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u76ee\u9304\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528rm\u641e\u5b9a)
  rm 1.c \/\/\u5c071.c\u9019\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u522a\u9664
  rm -rf (\u5f37\u5236\u522a\u9664\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u76ee\u9304,\u522a\u9664\u6642\u4e0d\u63d0\u793a.)<\/p>\n

7.\u79fb\u8d70\u76ee\u9304\u6216\u662f\u6539\u6a94\u540d
  mv [opitons] \u6e90\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u76ee\u9304   \u76ee\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u76ee\u9304
  [options]\u4e3b\u8981\u53c3\u6578
  -i:\u4e92\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679cmv\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u5c0d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u8986\u84cb\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a62\u554f\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u5beb\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u56de\u7b54\u300cy\u300d\u6216\u300cn\u300d\uff0c
     \u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8aa4\u8986\u84cb\u6a94\u6848.
  -f:\u7981\u6b62\u4e92\u52d5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002mv\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u8986\u84cb\u67d0\u500b\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u6642\u4e0d\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u6b64\u53c3\u6578\u5f8ci\u53c3\u6578\u5c07\u4e0d\u518d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
  mv hello ..\/ \u5c07hello\u76ee\u9304\u6216\u662f\u6a94\u6848\u642c\u79fb\u4e0a\u4e00\u7d1a.
 
8.alias \u5225\u540d
  alias dir='ls -l'   \u8f38\u5165dir\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u57f7\u884c\u4e86ls -l<\/p>\n

9.\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u63a7\u5236(rwx 421)
  chmod +x hello.sh \u8ce6\u65bc\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u6b0a\u9650.
  (\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e00\u4e0b\u6b0a\u9650\u7684\u63a7\u5236)
  chmod \u6307\u4ee4 \u6b0a\u9650\u4fee\u6539 \u7528\u6cd5\uff1achmod \u4e00\u4f4d8\u9032\u4f4d\u6578 filename (rwx 421)
eg: chmod u+x filenmame      \u53ea\u60f3\u7d66\u81ea\u5df1\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u5225\u4eba\u53ea\u80fd\u8b80
  chown netseek.netseek mydir  \u6539\u8b8a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c6c\u7d44<\/p>\n

    u\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6a94\u6848\u6240\u6709\u8005
    g\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u540c\u7d44\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
    o\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5176\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
    a\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
    opt\u5247\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\uff1a
    +\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u67d0\u500b\u6b0a\u9650
    -\uff1a\u53d6\u6d88\u67d0\u500b\u6b0a\u9650
    =\uff1a\u8ce6\u4e88\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u6d88\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6b0a\u9650
    \u800cmode\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u6b0a\u9650\uff1a
    r\uff1a\u53ef\u8b80 4
    w\uff1a\u53ef\u5beb 2
    x\uff1a\u53ef\u57f7\u884c 1<\/p>\n

10.pwd \u986f\u793a\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f91\u548c\u6539\u8b8a\u76ee\u9304
  cd netseek \u9032\u5165netseek\u9019\u500b\u76ee\u9304
  cd \u96e2\u958b\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u76ee\u9304
  cd ..\/ \u9032\u5165\u4e0a\u4e00\u7d1a\u76ee\u9304.
  cd – \u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u76ee\u9304
  cd ~ \u8fd4\u56de\u4e3b\u76ee\u9304<\/p>\n

11. cat,more,less \u6307\u4ee4
  \u5c07\u67d0\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f:cat \u628a\u6a94\u6848\u5167\u5bb9\u4e00\u76f4\u5217\u5370\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u800cmore\u5247\u5206\u5c55\u986f\u793a.
  less \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u6efe\u6aa2\u8996\u5167\u5bb9.
  cat > 1.txt \u53ef\u4ee5\u586b\u5beb\u6216\u662f\u8907\u88fd\u5167\u5bb9,\u6309ctrl+d\u5132\u5b58
  cat 1.c
  more 1.c
  head -n filename \u986f\u793a\u7b2cN\u884c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9
  tail -n filename \u986f\u793a\u5f8cN\u884c\u7684\u5167\u5bb9
  tail -n 20 \/var\/log\/message \u986f\u793a\u6700\u65b0\u768420\u884c\u65e5\u8a8c<\/p>\n

12.\u8a2d\u5b9alinux\u6642\u9593\u548c\u65e5\u671f
  date \u6307\u4ee4("date MMDDhhmmYYYY.ss")
  2006\u5e747\u670824\u65e512:37 ,30\u79d2
  date 072412372006.30
  date -s 20:30:30 #\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\u9593\u70ba20: 30:30
  date -s 2006-7-24 #\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\u671f\u70ba2006-7-24
  clock -r #\u5c0d\u7cfb\u7d71Bios\u4e2d\u8b80\u53d6\u6642\u9593\u53c3\u6578
  clock -w #\u5c07\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\u9593(\u5982\u7531date\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593)\u5beb\u5165Bios<\/p>\n

13.\u6aa2\u8996\u627e\u6a94\u6848(find,grep,awk\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8acb\u53c3\u7167man page\u6216shell\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5c08\u984c\u8b1b\u89e3)
  \u5e7e\u7a2e\u4ecb\u7d39:
  find \u8def\u5f91  -name \u6a94\u540d
  find \/etc -name named.conf
  locate \u901a\u904e\u6a94\u540d\u641c\u5c0b\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u5de5\u5177(\u8981\u5148\u901a\u904eupdatedb\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab)
  localte named.conf
  whereis \u662f\u5c0b\u627e\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u6703\u627e\u5230\u5176\u8aaa\u660e\u6a94\u6848
  which \u548cwhere \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u91cf\u4e2d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\uff1b\u6bd4\u5982\uff1b<\/p>\n

14.\u67e5\u6bba\u7a0b\u5f0f
  ps aux
  ps -ef |grep
  kill -9
  \u770b\u770b\u54ea\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4f54\u7528\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6700\u5927
  ps -aux|sort +5n<\/p>\n

  \u5c07\u7a0b\u5f0f\u653e\u5728\u524d\u5f8c\u53f0\u57f7\u884c
  cp file1 file2 &
  &\u8207ctrl+z \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528&\u6216ctrl+z\u4f86\u5c07\u6307\u4ee4\u653e\u5728\u5f8c\u53f0\u57f7\u884c.
  fg \u662f\u5c07\u653e\u5728\u5f8c\u53f0\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u518d\u653e\u56de\u524d\u53f0.
  jobs<\/p>\n

15.dd\u6307\u4ee4\u5099\u4efd
  dd if="input_file" of="out_file" bs="block_size" count="number"
  \u53c3\u6578:
  if:\u5c31\u662finput file\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u88dd\u7f6e
  of:\u5c31\u662foutput file\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u88dd\u7f6e
  bs:\u898f\u5283\u7684\u4e00\u500bblock\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u662f512bytes
  count:\u591a\u5c11\u500bbs\u7684\u610f\u601d.<\/p>\n

  dd if=\/etc\/password of=\/tmp\/passwd.bak \u5099\u4efd<\/p>\n

16.mount \u52a0\u8f09\u4e00\u500b\u786c\u9ad4\u88dd\u7f6e
\u7528\u6cd5:mount [\u53c3\u6578] \u8981\u52a0\u8f09\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e \u8f09\u5165\u9ede
eg: mount \/dev\/cdrom
cd \/mnt\/cdrom \/\/\u9032\u5165\u5149\u789f\u76ee\u9304
   u\u76e4:
   mkdir \/mnt\/usb\uff1b\uff08\u8a3b\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u639b\u8f09\u76ee\u9304\uff09
   mount \/mnt\/sda1 \/mnt\/usb\uff1b(\u8a3b\uff1a\u639b\u8f09USB\u78c1\u789f)
   \u73fe\u5728\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528USB\u78c1\u789f\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\/mnt\/usb\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5c31\u662fUSB\u78c1\u789f\u88e1\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e86\uff1b
   \u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u5f8c\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u4ee4\u5378\u8f09USB\u78c1\u789f\u5373\u53ef\u3002
   umount \/mnt\/usb
   mount     \u5217\u51fa\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5206\u5340
   mount -t iso9660 \/dev\/cdrom \/mnt\/cdrom   \u639b\u8f09\u5149\u789f
   mount -t vfat \/dev\/fd0 \/mnt\/floppy       \u639b\u8f09\u8edf\u789f
   mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000 \/dev\/hda2 \/mnt\/hda2   \u639b\u8f09fat32\u5206\u5340
   mount -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=000 \/dev\/hda3 \/mnt\/hda3         \u639b\u8f09ntfs\u5206\u5340
   Linux-NTFS Project: http:\/\/linux-ntfs.sourceforge.net\/
   umount \/mnt\/hda3 \u5378\u8f09
   \u6ce8:\u639b\u8f09\u88dd\u7f6e\u524d\uff0c\u8acb\u5148fdisk -l \u770b\u4e00\u4e0b.<\/p>\n

17.su\u5728\u4e0d\u96e2\u958b\u767b\u9678\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5207\u63db\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8eab\u4efd
    \u7528\u6cd5: su -l \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d(\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u540d\u9810\u8a2d,\u5247\u5207\u63db\u5230root\u72c0\u614b)
eg:su -l netseek (\u5207\u63db\u5230netseek\u9019\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u5c07\u63d0\u793a\u8f38\u5165\u5bc6\u78bc),\u52a0\u4e0a-\u8868\u793a\u5207\u63db\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u8b8a\u91cf.
   
    sudo \u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f7\u884croot\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6b0a\u9650<\/p>\n

18.whoami,id,w,lastlog,users,groups
   w       \u6aa2\u8996\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u767b\u9678\u8a0a\u606f
   who     \u6aa2\u8996\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u767b\u9678\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
   last    \u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u767b\u9678\u60c5\u6cc1
   lastlog \u6aa2\u67e5\u67d0\u7279\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5165\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e26\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f38\u51fa\u4e0a\u6b21\u767b\u5165\u65e5\u8a8c\/var\/log\/lastlog\u7684\u5167\u5bb9
   whoami  \u78ba\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4efd.
   id      \u5217\u5370\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684UID\u4ee5\u53caGID.(UID:\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u552f\u4e00\u6a19\u8b58.GID:\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7d44\u8eab\u4efd\u552f\u4e00\u6a19\u8b58.\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u552f\u4e00\u7684UID\u548cGID.)
   users
   groups  \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6240\u6b78\u5c6c\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7d44\u67e5\u8a62\uff1b
   finger -l netseek root
   finger -s \u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5finger
   \u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u67e5\u8a62\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8cc7\u6599
eg: finger \/\/\u6aa2\u8996\u6240\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u6599
finger root \/\/\u6aa2\u8996root\u7684\u8cc7\u6599<\/p>\n

19.\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7528\u904e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u6b77\u53f2\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4
   history \u986f\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u904e\u53bb\u547d\u7528\u7684\u6307\u4ee4
   !!\u57f7\u884c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n

20.uname \u6aa2\u8996linux\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a0a\u606f
   \u53c3\u6578:-a \u6240\u6709\u8a0a\u606f -r \u7248\u672c\u865f -n \u4e3b\u96fb\u8166\u540d<\/p>\n

21.\u5efa\u7acb\u8edf\u9023\u7dda
   ln [-sf] source target
   ln souce-file hard-link
   ln -sf source-file soft-link
   s\u8868\u793a\u8edf\u9023\u7dda,f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u540c\u540d\u6a94\u6848\u5728\uff0c\u5247\u5c07\u5b83\u8986\u84cb\u904e\u53bb.
   \u8a3b\uff1a\u786c\u9023\u7d50\u4e0d\u80fd\u70ba\u76ee\u9304\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6a94\u6848\u624d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u786c\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n

22.\u6aa2\u8996\u76ee\u9304
   du -sh   \u76ee\u9304\u6216\u662f\u6a94\u6848
   du -m    du\u7cfb\u7d71\u9810\u8a2d\u8f38\u51fa\u662f\u4ee5KB,\u4ee5\u53c3\u6578-m\u8868\u793a\u4ee5MB\u986f\u793a.
   cat \/etc\/fstab   \u6aa2\u8996\u5206\u5340\u6e05\u55ae
   fdisk -l  
   df -h
   df -ah<\/p>\n

23.\u6aa2\u8996linux\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f54\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90(top,free,uptime)
   top   \u6aa2\u8996\u5f8c\u53f0\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u76e3\u63a7\u7cfb\u7d71\u6548\u80fd
   top -d 2 \u6bcf\u5169\u79d2\u5217\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21
   top -d -2 -p3690 \u6aa2\u8996\u67d0\u500bPID
   top -b -n 2 >\/tmp\/top.txt \u5c07top\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u9032\u884c2\u6b21\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c07\u7d50\u679c\u8f38\u51fa\u5230\/tmp\/top.txt
   
   free -m \u6aa2\u8996\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u6cc1<\/p>\n

   uptime  \u986f\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u7cfb\u7d71\u958b\u6a5f\u6642\u9593(\u6aa2\u8996\u958b\u6a5f\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u767b\u9678\uff0c\u904e\u53bb1,5,15\u5206\u9418\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09)<\/p>\n

24.\u6a94\u6848\u6bd4\u8edf\u9ad4:
   cmp  cmp\uff08\u300ccompare\u300d\u7684\u7e2e\u5beb\uff09\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4f86\u7c21\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u5169\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6b0a\u9650\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005
   diff diff\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u6a94\u6848\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u5169\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6b0a\u9650\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/p>\n

25.\u9060\u7aef\u64cd\u4f5c\u8207\u6a94\u6848\u50b3\u8f38
   ssh user@remote.machine
   scp user@remote.machine:\/remote\/path \/local\/path
   scp \/local\/path user@remote.machine:\/remote\/path<\/p>\n

26.\u7de8\u8b6fc\/c++\u6a94\u6848
   gcc
   gcc -v \u6aa2\u8996GCC\u7248\u672c
   gcc -o test test.c 2>errfile \u7de8\u8b6ftest.c\u6642\u82e5\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5247\u5c07\u932f\u8aa4\u8a0a\u606f\u91cd\u5c0e\u81f3errfile<\/p>\n

27.chattr +i filename \u7981\u6b62\u522a\u9664\uff0cchattr -i filename \u53d6\u6d88\u7981\u6b62
   lsattr \u6aa2\u8996\u96b1\u85cf\u6a94\u5c6c\u6027<\/p>\n

28.\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u57f7\u884c
   at \u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u6b21
   crontab \u5b9a\u6642\u8ff4\u5708\u57f7\u884c\u7a0b\u5f0f
   crontab \u4ecb\u7d39
   1 \u4ee5root\u767b\u5165
   2 # crontab -e
   3 \u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u884c
   1 *\/12 * * * \/usr\/sbin\/ntpdate pool.ntp.org
   \u5206\u9418\u3000\uff080-59\uff09
   \u5c0f\u6642\u3000\uff080-23\uff09
   \u65e5 \u671f\u3000\uff081-31\uff09
   \u6708\u4efd\u3000\uff081-12\uff09
   \u661f\u671f\u3000\uff080-6\uff09\/\/0\u4ee3\u8868\u661f\u671f\u5929<\/p>\n

29.\u95dc\u6a5f\u548c\u91cd\u555f:
   shutwond [-t \u79d2\u6578] [-rkhncff] \u6642\u9593 [\u8b66\u793a\u8a0a\u606f]
   -t \u79d2\u6578:\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5728\u5207\u63db\u81f3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684runlevel\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8b66\u793a\u548c\u522a\u9664\u5169\u4fe1\u865f\u4e4b\u5f70\u9593\u7684\u5ef6\u9072\u6642\u9593(\u79d2)
   -k \u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u793a\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u8981shutdown
   -r shutdown\u9019\u5f8c\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u6a5f
   -h shutdown\u9019\u5f8c\u958b\u6a5f
   -n \u4e0d\u7d93\u7531init,\u7531shutdown\u6307\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\u4f86\u505a\u958b\u6a5f\u5de5\u4f5c(\u4e0d\u5efa\u8b70\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528)
   -f \u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u6a5f\u6642\uff0c\u7565\u904efsck\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u6aa2\u67e5\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71.
   -F \u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u6a5f\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u8feb\u505afsck\u6aa2\u67e5.
   -c \u5c07\u5df2\u7d93\u6b63\u5728shutdown\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u53d6\u6d88
   shutdown -h now \u7acb\u523b\u95dc\u6a5f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dnow\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u6642\u9593\u70ba0,halt,poweroff\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u95dc\u6a5f,\u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5init 0
   shutdown -h 20:30  \u7cfb\u7d71\u5c07\u5728\u4eca\u665a\u76848:30\u95dc\u6a5f
   shutdown -h +10    \u7cfb\u7d71\u518d\u904e\u5341\u5206\u9418\u5f8c\u81ea\u52d5\u95dc\u6a5f.
   shutdown -t3 -r now  \u7acb\u523b\u91cd\u65b0\u958b\u6a5f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8b66\u793a\u548c\u522a\u9664processes\u9019\u9593\uff0c
   shutdown -k now  'Hey! Go away! now…' \u767c\u51fa\u8b66\u793a\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u771f\u7684\u95dc\u6a5f.
   
   
   reboot:
   shutdown -r now \u5e7e\u4e4e\u8207reboot\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e0d\u95dc\u5efa\u8b70\u7528reboot\u57f7\u884c\u5982\u4e0b:
   shutdown -r +30 'The system wiil reboot'
   shutdown -r +10 'Hey!Go away!'  10\u5206\u9418\u5f8c\u7cfb\u7d71\u91cd\u555f.
   #sync; sync; sync; reboot   \u8a3b\uff1async\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u540c\u6b65\u5beb\u5165\u786c\u789f
   halt\u6307\u4ee4\u76f8\u7576\u65bcshutdown -h now \uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7acb\u523b\u95dc\u6a5f\u3002
   reboot\u6307\u4ee4\u76f8\u7576\u65bcshutown -r now \uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7acb\u523b\u91cd\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n

30.\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u8b8a\u555f\u52d5\u6a21\u5f0f\u904b\u884c\u5c64\u7d1a
   vi \/etc\/inittab
   \u5c075\u6539\u62103\uff0c\u555f\u52d5\u5f8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u5b57\u5143\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
   startx \u6216\u662f init 5 \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u5165\u5716\u5f62\u5316\u4ecb\u9762.
   runlevel \u986f\u793a\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u904b\u884c\u5c64\u7d1a<\/p>\n

  \u5982\u4f55\u5207\u63db\u81f3\u55ae\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6a21\u5f0f
  \u5229\u7528telinit\u6216init(\u5176\u5be6telinit\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u500bsynbol link to init)
  telinit 1 \u6216\u662f init S \u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u7576\u7136telinit S\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684.<\/p>\n

  \u5982\u4f55\u4f7fctrl+alt+del \u4e09\u9375\u5931\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5
  #vi \/etc\/inittab
  \u5728ca::ctrlaltdel:\/sbin\/shutdonw -t3 -r now\u4e4b\u524d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6ce8\u89e3#
  \u7136\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c#telinit q ,\u53c3\u6578q\u662f\u8981telinit\u91cd\u65b0\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e00\u6b21\/etc\/inittab<\/p>\n

31.TAB  \u5de7\u7528tab\u9375\uff0c\u7576\u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6a94\u6848\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5168\u540d\u662f\u8acb\u9023\u7e8c\u6309\u5169\u4e0btab\u9375.<\/p>\n

32.clear \u6e05\u5c4f<\/p>\n

33.dmesg |more \u986f\u793a\u958b\u6a5f\u8a0a\u606f(\u6aa2\u8996\u7cfb\u7d71\u555f\u52d5\u6642\u786c\u9ad4\u8a0a\u606f)
 
34.\u6539\u8b8a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u512a\u79c0\u7d1a
   nice    \u8a2d\u5b9a\u512a\u5148\u6b0a nice -n -5 vi & \u7528root\u7d66\u4e00\u500bnice\u503c\u70ba-5,\u7528\u65bc\u57f7\u884cvi
   renice  \u8abf\u6574\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u512a\u5148\u6b0a<\/p>\n

35.\u6a21\u7d44\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u6307\u4ee4
   lsmod \u986f\u793a\u5df2\u7d93\u8f09\u5165\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u6a21\u7d44
   depmod \u5206\u6790\u53ef\u8f09\u5165\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u76f8\u4f9d\u6027
   modinfo \u986f\u793akernel\u6a21\u7d44\u7684\u8a0a\u606f
   insmod  \u8f09\u5165\u6a21\u7d44
   modprobe \u81ea\u52d5\u8655\u7406\u53ef\u8f09\u5165\u6a21\u7d44
   rmmod    \u522a\u9664\u6a21\u7d44
 
36.chkconfig –list \u986f\u793a\u5404\u7a2e\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5229\u7528chkconfig\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u9b06\u7ba1\u7406init\u8173\u672c.<\/p>\n

37.linux\u7684\u5e7e\u7a2e\u89e3\u58d3\u7e2e\u6307\u4ee4
   compress aaa  \u5c07aaa\u6a94\u6848\u58d3\u7e2e\u6210\u70baaaa.Z
   compress -d aaa.z \u5c07aaa.z\u6a94\u6848\u58d3\u7e2e\u6210aaa
   
   gzip aaa \u58d3\u7e2e\u6307\u4ee4
   gzip -d aaa.gz  \u89e3\u58d3\u6307\u4ee4
   
   bzip2 -z filename \u58d3\u7e2e,\u540c\u4e0a\u52a0-d\u53c3\u6578\u89e3\u58d3
   bzcat filename.bz \u6aa2\u8996\u58d3\u7e2e\u6a94\u5167\u5bb9
   
   tar czvf aaa.tar.gz aaa \u5c07\u76ee\u9304aaa\u58d3\u7e2e\u6210aaa.tar.gz
   tar -N '2007\/03\/01' -zcvf home.tar.gz \/home \u5728\/home\u7576\u4e2d,\u6bd42007\/03\/01\u65b0\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u624d\u5099\u4efd.
   tar –exclude \/home\/cao -zxvf myfile.tar.gz \/home\/* \/etc \u8981\u5099\u4efd\/home,\/etc\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\/home\/cao
   cd \/tmp; tar -cvf -\/etc | tar -xvf – \u5c07\/etc\/\u6253\u5305\u5f8c\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u958b\/tmp\u5e95\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7522\u751f\u6a94\u6848.
   tar zxvf aaa.tar.gz \u89e3\u58d3\u7e2e\u6307\u4ee4.
   tar jxvf aaa.tar.bz2 \u89e3\u58d3\u6307\u4ee4
   tar zxvf aaa.tar.gz -C \/var\/www \u5c07aaa.tar.gz\u89e3\u58d3\u5230\/var\/www\u76ee\u9304\u4e0b
   cpio -covB > [file|device] \u5099\u4efd
   cpio -icduv < [file|device] \u5fa9\u539f<\/p>\n

38.\u7db2\u8def\u6307\u4ee4
   ifconfig \u986f\u793a\u6216\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7db2\u8def\u88dd\u7f6e,\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u8996\u73fe\u7528\u7684ip,\u985e\u4f3c\u65bcwindows\u88e1\u7684ipconfig
   service network restart(\/etc\/rc.d\/init.d\/network restart) \u91cd\u555f\u7db2\u8def\u5361
   ifdown eth0 \u95dc\u9589\u7db2\u8def\u5361
   ifup eth0 \u958b\u555f\u7db2\u8def\u5361
   route -n \u6aa2\u8996\u8def\u7531\u8868
   route add -net 192.168.20.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0
   
   netstat \u6aa2\u8996\u7db2\u8def\u9023\u7dda\u60c5\u6cc1
   netstat -i \u986f\u793a\u7db2\u8def\u5361\u904b\u884c\u60c5\u6cc1
   netstat -r \u6aa2\u8996\u4e3b\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u8def\u7531\u6e05\u55ae
   
   traceroute
   
   hostname \u986f\u793a\u4e3b\u96fb\u8166\u540d
   hostname -i \u986f\u793a\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u96fb\u8166\u540d\u7684IP.<\/p>\n

39.\u7cfb\u7d71\u6574\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u9078\u55ae.
   setup   \u7cfb\u7d71\u670d\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406\u6307\u4ee4
   ntsysv  \u8a2d\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7d71\u670d\u52d9<\/p>\n

40.fdisk \/mbr \u522a\u9664GRUB<\/p>\n

41.\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u555f\u52d5
\u555f\u52d5mysql\uff1a
service mysqld start(\/etc\/rc.d\/init.d\/mysqld start)
mysql -uroot -p \u8f38\u5165\u5bc6\u78bc\u5373\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5cmysql\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab.<\/p>\n

\u555f\u52d5Oracle
su – oracle
$lsnrctl stop
$lsnrctl start
sqlplus \/nolog
conn \/as sysdba(connected)
startup<\/p>\n

42.\u5b89\u88dd\u8edf\u9ad4\u5305
rpm\u5305\u5b89\u88dd:
rpm -ivh xxx.rpm         \u5b89\u88ddrpm\u5305
rpm -qa –last | less    \u6839\u64da\u5b89\u88dd\u65e5\u671f\u986f\u793a\u5df2\u7d93\u5b89\u88dd\u7684\u5305
rpm -qa |grep mysql -i   \u67e5\u8a62\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u88ddmysql\u5305(-i,\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5beb)
rpm -e                   \u522a\u9664\u5b89\u88dd\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u5305
rpm -e mysql* –nodpes   \u5f37\u5236\u522a\u9664\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u5305
rpm –test               \u6e2c\u8a66\u5b89\u88dd
rpm -qi                  \u67e5\u8a62mysql\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u8cc7\u6599
rpm -qpl xxx.rpm         \u6aa2\u8996rpm\u5305\u5167\u542b\u7684\u5167\u5bb9.
rpm -qc[d]               \u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u8207\u8aaa\u660e\u6a94
rpm -Uvh                 \u5347\u7d1a\u5b89\u88dd
rpmbuild –bb SPECS\/xxx.spec \u91cd\u65b0\u88dd\u5c07xxx.spec\u7de8\u8b6f\u6210rpm\u5305.
rpmbuild –rebuild packagename.src.rpm \u91cd\u65b0\u628a.src.rpm\u7de8\u8b6f\u6210rpm\u5305.<\/p>\n

\u6e90\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7de8\u8b6f\u5b89\u88dd(\u7d93\u5178)
.\/configure              \u6aa2\u67e5\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a0a\u606f(.\/configure –help | more \u8aaa\u660e\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u8a2d\u5b9a)
make clean               \u6e05\u9664\u4e4b\u524d\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6a94\u6848
make                     \u7de8\u8b6f
make install             \u5b89\u88dd
\u6ce8:\u6e90\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5305\u5b89\u88dd\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5148\u5c07\u6a94\u6848\u89e3\u58d3\uff0c\u5b89\u88dd\u904e\u7a0b\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u9762\u5e7e\u6b65\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u8aaa\u660e\u4e00\u822c\u898b\u89e3\u58d3\u5f8c\u76ee\u9304\u88e1\u7684(INSTALL,READEME\u8aaa\u660e.)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Linux \u5e38\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u641c\u522e 1.# \u8868\u793a\u6b0a\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u8005(\u5982:root),$ \u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005   […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":479,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[20],"class_list":["post-28","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","tag-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}