{"id":48,"date":"2019-05-09T02:16:00","date_gmt":"2019-05-09T02:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pro369.com\/linux\/?p=48"},"modified":"2019-05-09T02:16:00","modified_gmt":"2019-05-09T02:16:00","slug":"%e5%85%a7%e5%b5%8c%e5%bc%8f%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1-boot-loader-%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93%ef%bc%88linux%e4%b8%bb%e6%a9%9f%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8%e6%9e%b6%e8%a8%ad%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/por.tw\/linux\/%e5%85%a7%e5%b5%8c%e5%bc%8f%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1-boot-loader-%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93%ef%bc%88linux%e4%b8%bb%e6%a9%9f%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8%e6%9e%b6%e8%a8%ad%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71 Boot Loader \u6280\u8853\uff08Linux\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u67b6\u8a2d\u6280\u8853\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71 Boot Loader \u6280\u8853\uff08Linux\u4e3b\u6a5f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u67b6\u8a2d\u6280\u8853\uff09<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n

\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u677f\u5b50\u904b\u884c GNU\/Linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u5df2\u7d93\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6d41\u884c\u3002
\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f Linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u5f9e\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\uff1a<\/p>\n

1. \u5f15\u5c0e\u52a0\u8f09\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u5167\u542b\u56fa\u5316\u5728\u97cc\u9ad4(firmware)\u4e2d\u7684 boot \u4ee3\u78bc(\u53ef\u9078)\uff0c\u548c Boot Loader \u5169\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

2. Linux \u5167\u6838\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u65bc\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u677f\u5b50\u7684\u5b9a\u5236\u5167\u6838\u4ee5\u53ca\u5167\u6838\u7684\u555f\u52d5\u53c3\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u5167\u542b\u6839\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u65bc Flash \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u7528 ram disk \u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba root fs\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u7279\u5b9a\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c\u5167\u6838\u5c64\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6703\u5167\u542b\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u5716\u5f62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f GUI \u6709\uff1aMicroWindows \u548c MiniGUI \u61c2\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u5c0e\u52a0\u8f09\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u52a0\u96fb\u5f8c\u904b\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u8edf\u9ad4\u4ee3\u78bc\u3002\u56de\u61b6\u4e00\u4e0b PC \u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d50\u69cb\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0cPC \u6a5f\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u52a0\u8f09\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7531 BIOS(\u5176\u672c\u8cea\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u97cc\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f)\u548c\u4f4d\u65bc\u786c\u789f MBR \u4e2d\u7684 OS Boot Loader\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cLILO \u548c GRUB \u7b49\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u7d44\u6210\u3002BIOS \u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u786c\u9ad4\u6aa2\u9a57\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c07\u786c\u789f MBR \u4e2d\u7684 Boot Loader \u8b80\u5230\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684 RAM \u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c07\u63a7\u5236\u6b0a\u4ea4\u7d66 OS Boot Loader\u3002Boot Loader \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u904b\u884c\u4efb\u52d9\u5c31\u662f\u5c07\u5167\u6838\u6620\u50cf\u5f9e\u786c\u789f\u4e0a\u8b80\u5230 RAM \u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8df3\u8f49\u5230\u5167\u6838\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u9ede\u53bb\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u958b\u59cb\u555f\u52d5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5728\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u50cf BIOS \u90a3\u6a23\u7684\u97cc\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08\u6ce8\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f CPU \u4e5f\u6703\u5167\u5d4c\u4e00\u6bb5\u77ed\u5c0f\u7684\u555f\u52d5\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u52a0\u8f09\u555f\u52d5\u4efb\u52d9\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u7531 Boot Loader \u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u65bc ARM7TDMI core \u7684\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u4e0a\u96fb\u6216\u5fa9\u4f4d\u6642\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5f9e\u4f4d\u5740 0x00000000 \u8655\u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4f4d\u5740\u8655\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684 Boot Loader \u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u5f9e Boot Loader \u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001Boot Loader \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u3001Boot Loader \u7684\u6846\u67b6\u7d50\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca Boot Loader \u7684\u5b89\u88dd\u7b49\u56db\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684 Boot Loader\u3002<\/p>\n

2. Boot Loader \u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n

\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8aaa\uff0cBoot Loader \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u6838\u904b\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\u904b\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u904e\u9019\u6bb5\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u59cb\u5316\u786c\u9ad4\u88dd\u7f6e\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5716\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c07\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8edf\u786c\u9ad4\u74b0\u5883\u5e36\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u9069\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u70ba\u6700\u7d42\u547c\u53eb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u6838\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff0cBoot Loader \u662f\u56b4\u91cd\u5730\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u786c\u9ad4\u800c\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u901a\u7528\u7684 Boot Loader \u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d Boot Loader \u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u5c0e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 Boot Loader \u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u5be6\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

1. Boot Loader \u6240\u652f\u63f4\u7684 CPU \u548c\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u677f<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 CPU \u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d50\u69cb\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 Boot Loader\u3002\u6709\u4e9b Boot Loader \u4e5f\u652f\u63f4\u591a\u7a2e\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d50\u69cb\u7684 CPU\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 U-Boot \u5c31\u540c\u6642\u652f\u63f4 ARM \u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d50\u69cb\u548cMIPS \u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc CPU \u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d50\u69cb\u5916\uff0cBoot Loader \u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u677f\u7d1a\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5169\u584a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u677f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e CPU \u800c\u69cb\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u8b93\u904b\u884c\u5728\u4e00\u584a\u677f\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684 Boot Loader \u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e5f\u80fd\u904b\u884c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u584a\u677f\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539 Boot Loader \u7684\u6e90\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

2. Boot Loader \u7684\u5b89\u88dd\u5a92\u4ecb\uff08Installation Medium\uff09<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7d71\u52a0\u96fb\u6216\u5fa9\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684 CPU \u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5f9e\u67d0\u500b\u7531 CPU \u88fd\u9020\u5546\u9810\u5148\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u4e0a\u53d6\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc ARM7TDMI core \u7684 CPU \u5728\u5fa9\u4f4d\u6642\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u5f9e\u4f4d\u5740 0x00000000 \u53d6\u5b83\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u800c\u57fa\u65bc CPU \u69cb\u5efa\u7684\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u56fa\u614b\u5b58\u5132\u88dd\u7f6e(\u6bd4\u5982\uff1aROM\u3001EEPROM \u6216 FLASH \u7b49)\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u9019\u500b\u9810\u5148\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u52a0\u96fb\u5f8c\uff0cCPU \u5c07\u9996\u5148\u57f7\u884c Boot Loader \u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u57161\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u540c\u6642\u88dd\u6709 Boot Loader\u3001\u5167\u6838\u7684\u555f\u52d5\u53c3\u6578\u3001\u5167\u6838\u6620\u50cf\u548c\u6839\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u6620\u50cf\u7684\u56fa\u614b\u5b58\u5132\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7a7a\u9593\u914d\u7f6e\u7d50\u69cb\u5716\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u7528\u4f86\u63a7\u5236 Boot Loader \u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u6216\u6a5f\u5236<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u96fb\u8166\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u6a5f\u4e4b\u9593\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u904e\u4e32\u53e3\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7dda\uff0cBoot Loader \u8edf\u9ad4\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u901a\u904e\u4e32\u53e3\u4f86\u9032\u884c I\/O\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u8f38\u51fa\u5217\u5370\u8a0a\u606f\u5230\u4e32\u53e3\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e32\u53e3\u8b80\u53d6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u5143\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

4. Boot Loader \u7684\u555f\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u55ae\u968e\u6bb5\uff08Single Stage\uff09\u9084\u662f\u591a\u968e\u6bb5\uff08Multi-Stage\uff09<\/p>\n

\u901a\u5e38\u591a\u968e\u6bb5\u7684 Boot Loader \u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\u3002\u5f9e\u56fa\u614b\u5b58\u5132\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e0a\u555f\u52d5\u7684 Boot Loader \u5927\u591a\u90fd\u662f 2 \u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u555f\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u555f\u52d5\u904e\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba stage 1 \u548c stage 2 \u5169\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u800c\u81f3\u65bc\u5728 stage 1 \u548c stage 2 \u5177\u9ad4\u5b8c\u6210\u54ea\u4e9b\u4efb\u52d9\u5c07\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

5. Boot Loader \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f (Operation Mode)<\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6578 Boot Loader \u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a"\u555f\u52d5\u52a0\u8f09"\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c"\u4e0b\u8f09"\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5225\u50c5\u5c0d\u65bc\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u624d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u4f46\u5f9e\u6700\u7d42\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0cBoot Loader \u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u52a0\u8f09\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u800c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u555f\u52d5\u52a0\u8f09\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u4e0b\u8f09\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n

\u555f\u52d5\u52a0\u8f09\uff08Boot loading\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba"\u81ea\u4e3b" \uff08Autonomous\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e5f\u5373 Boot Loader \u5f9e\u76ee\u7684\u6a5f\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u56fa\u614b\u5b58\u5132\u88dd\u7f6e\u4e0a\u5c07\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u52a0\u8f09\u5230 RAM \u4e2d\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f Boot Loader \u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5167\u5d4c\u5f0f\u7522\u54c1\u767c\u4f48\u7684\u6642\u4faf\uff0cBoot Loader \u986f\u7136\u5fc5\u9808\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

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