（坐標轉換參考系統）TRANSDAT 16.47 Multilanguage

目前和許多歷史的歐洲聯盟（歐盟）所有國家，內含歐洲非歐盟國家從2004年和2007年，東部地區延伸系統的坐標參考系統。
該INSPIREc支援歐洲ETRS89系統的。
美國和加拿大的國家平面坐標系統（SPCS）NAD27和NAD83和北美大陸其他坐標參考系統。
澳洲大陸的坐標參考系統。
許多坐標參考系統的其他大洲的國家。
世界各地的NTv2格檔支援坐標變換。
目前使用的所有世界各地的坐標參考系統。
德國新老聯邦州的坐標參考系統，暫存器在40普魯士Soldner的土地，德國Lagestatus，德國聯邦政府和確切的參考系統。

你會發現在際網路上下載免費的測試版本的程式後由程式的坐標和參照系統支援的完整清單。 TRANSDAT支援所有INSPIRE指令規定ETRS89轉換，E，G NTv2網格資料。高斯 – 克呂格/ DHDN的UTM / ETRS89的與BeTA2007。
國家電網檔案的NTv2標準是全球範圍內的充分支援。除了從世界各地和國家特定系統，可以定義自己的個人坐標系和大地測量參照系統赫爾默特（布爾薩/狼，ISO19111）或Molodenski參數的。可以進行計算的坐標直接輸入，加載的檔案在各種格式（文字，CSV，自衛隊的dBase，ArcShape ArcGenerate），或通過批處理。
 ArcShape檔案可以被視為與程式內定的形狀瀏覽器。一個可寫程式的GPS介面，使得它能夠在讀取坐標轉換成一台筆記本電腦從一個低成本的GPS天線。

該專案具有使用者可選的德文或英文介面，並配備了廣泛的雙向語系的線上說明。該程式可以運行，它是最常見的網路上可以使用終端服務的Windows伺服器。在網路安裝的情況下，用戶端的安裝
由程式自動。

傳統的系統

每個國家使用或最近使用其自己的坐標和參照系統（大地基準）。在一些國家，多個有競爭力的系統中同時使用。德意志聯邦共和國是一個很好的說明這一情況：

DHDN（舊塊）
在老聯邦共和國的國家，以及在統一的德國，仍然是在使用中，波茨坦基準（D​​HDN）根據貝塞爾橢球。通常是由在投影到地理坐標系統或到高＆坐標系與三度寬的子午線帶。小比例尺地圖，經常使用各種蘭伯特坐標系統。

S42/83
前德意志民主共和國使用的基礎上Krassowskij橢球和投影系統S42/83高斯 – 克魯格坐標系統與六度經絡條。

RD83 / PD83
一些聯邦共和國新的國家使用勞恩貝格基準RD83和勞恩貝格基準PD83貝塞爾橢球投射。均勻的突起，舊聯邦共和國的國家中的地理坐標系統中，或與三度寬的子午線帶的高斯 – 克魯格坐標系。

DHDN90
1990年10月3日，在德國統一日，草案有一個標準化的，大地的「參考系統」作為其目的，在統一的德國代表的舊的和新的聯邦國家基礎測繪發展。這只能發生定義，而歷史上種植的參考系統DHDN，S42/83，RD83和PD83上述到一個新DHDN90的連線。可以被視為一個複合坐標參考系統（CCRS）DHDN90。

ED50
軍事地形使用北約標準的基礎上與國際海福特橢球和投影UTM坐標系統或軍事網格參考系統（MGRS）歐洲基準ED50。

WGS84
由於美國衛星為基礎的NAVSTAR GPS（全球定位系統）的日益普及和廣泛使用，國際和德意志聯邦共和國當然，還有增加接受世界各地的WGS84（世界大地測量系統）介紹於1984年。故意降解的GPS信號後，它變得更加重要，在2000年解除。

隨著歐洲伽利略衛星定位系統，這是在2010年年底投入運營，並與同時現代化的導航星全球定位系統（GPS III），現代衛星導航繼續發展。
現代企業制度

純粹多種不同的坐標參考系統並仍然相當複雜的跨國空間為導向的項目。增加使用GPS和貿易全球化，政治，環保驅動的GIS技術的擴散增加了要求多的跨國公司的大地測量資料。在這方面取得進展的一個重要條件是一個統一的坐標系中，沿與一個統一的參考系統。 60經絡條全球UTM坐標系統（通用橫軸墨卡托投影）可以在全世界使用。 ETRS89（歐洲地面參照系統1989年）的基礎上ETRF89（歐洲地球參考框架）進行了分析和測量相結合的各種現代導航方法，評估歐洲ReferenceSystem。

ETRS89
在1990年的聯繫大多數歐洲國家測繪局決定利用豐富的地形圖和地籍項目的UTM坐標系統和ETRS89參考系統。它是基於GRS80橢球（大地測量參考系統）。 UTM坐標用於在整個歐洲的大多數​​地圖投影。

有再大的優勢，在搬移到現代的坐標參考系統。美國的衛星導航系統GPS資料是參照WGS84（世界大地測量系統）。微小的差別WGS84和ETRS89之間，使得它可以使用在現代地圖的GPS資料，對精度的影響可以忽略不計。

準確，基準變化從DHDN90到現代ETRS89有可能與電網的NTv2標準自2008年以來的檔案。

——————————————————————————–
【文章標題】: （坐標轉換參考系統）TRANSDAT 16.47 Multilanguage
【文章作者】: 嶺岳-玄孟樵_八字命理教學
【作者信箱】: ster168ster@gmail.com
【作者首頁】: http://por.tw/destiny/
【嶺岳-玄孟樵_八字命理教學課程】: http://por.tw/destiny/curriculum_schedule/index.php
【基地主機】: http://goto1688.com/estiny/
【版權聲明】: （原創）嶺岳-玄孟樵_八字命理教學密訓基地，轉載必須保留完整標頭。刪除者依法追究！
——————————————————————————–
TRANSDAT 16.47 Multilanguage

TRANSDAT Geosoftware executes coordinate transformations and geodetic datum shifts between many coordinate and reference systems of America, Australasia, Europe, Germany special and world-wide, at high precision and high speed.
Navigation maps are printed with a coordinate grid that is a two-dimensional projection of the three-dimensional Earth surface, based on a given Coordinate System. Historically the countries over the world use many different coordinate systems. Earth is shaped not like a sphere; it is a geoid that has no exact mathematical definition and whose form can be at best approximated by an ellipsoid. To make an exact projection of a region into a coordinate system, the region is first projected onto a so-called reference ellipsoid that would fit the region best. The reference ellipsoid is mathematically defined and can be used for a coordinate system projection. Historically countries all over the world developed and used different and often more than one local and global Reference Systems.

The current and many historical coordinate and reference systems of all countries of the European Union (EU) including the eastern extensions from 2004 and 2007 and the systems of the European non-EU countries.
The INSPIRE© supported European ETRS89 systems.
The US and Canadian State Plane Coordinate Systems (SPCS) on NAD27 and NAD83 and other coordinate and reference systems of the North American continent.
The coordinate and reference systems of the Australasian continent.
Many coordinate and reference systems of the countries of other continents.
World-wide NTv2 grid file supported coordinate transformations.
All world-wide coordinate and reference systems in current use.
The German coordinate and reference systems of the old and new federal states, the 40 Prussian Soldner Land Registers, the German 'Lagestatus', and exact reference systems of the German federal states.

You will find a complete list of the coordinate and reference systems supported by the program on the internet or after downloading the free test version of the program. TRANSDAT supports all by the INSPIRE directive prescribed ETRS89 conversions with NTv2 grid data, e,g. Gauss-Kruger / DHDN to UTM / ETRS89 with BeTA2007. The NTv2 standard with national grid files is world-wide full supported. Apart from the given world-wide and state-specific systems, your own personal coordinate systems and geodetic reference systems can be defined with Helmert (Bursa / Wolf, ISO19111) or Molodenski parameters. Calculations can be performed with coordinates entered directly, loaded from files in various formats (Text, CSV, SDF, dBase, ArcShape and ArcGenerate), or passed via batch processing. ArcShape files can be viewed with the program-internal Shape Viewer. A programmable GPS interface makes it possible to read coordinates into a notebook computer from a low-cost GPS antenna.

The program has a user-selectable German or English interface and comes with extensive bi-language online help. The program can be run on most common networks and it is possible to use Terminal Services on WINDOWS Servers. In case of a network installation the clients are installed
automatically by the program.

Traditional Systems

Each country uses or recently used its own Coordinate and Reference system (Geodetic Datum). In some countries multiple competing systems where used simultaneously. Federal Republic of Germany is a good illustration of this situation:

DHDN (old blocks)
In the old States of the Federal Republic as well as in unified Germany was used, and is still in use, the Potsdam Datum (DHDN) based upon the Bessel Ellipsoid. The projection is normally made into the Geographic coordinate system or into the Gauss-Krueger coordinate system with three degrees wide meridian strips. Small-scale maps were often made using various Lambert Coordinate Systems.

S42/83
The former German Democratic Republic used the System S42/83 based on a Krassowskij ellipsoid and projection into the Gauss-Krueger coordinate system with six degrees meridian strips.

RD83 / PD83
Some of the Federal Republic new states use the Rauenberg Datum RD83 and the Rauenberg Datum PD83 projected onto the Bessel Ellipsoid. The projection is uniformly made to the old Federal Republic States in the Geographic coordinate system, or to the Gauss-Krueger coordinate system with three degrees wide meridian strips.

DHDN90
On the Day of German Unity, October 3rd 1990, representatives of the Basic Surveying of the old and new federal States developed a draft which had a standardised, geodetic "Reference System" in the unified Germany as its objective. This could only happen by definition, while connecting the historically grown reference systems DHDN, S42/83, RD83 and PD83 described above to a new DHDN90. The DHDN90 can be considered as a Compound Coordinate Reference System (CCRS).

ED50
Military topography uses a NATO standard based on the European Datum ED50 with the International Ellipsoid from Hayford and projection to the UTM coordinate system or to the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS).

WGS84
Thanks to the growing popularity and wide use of the American satellite-based Navstar GPS (Global Positioning System), internationally and of course within the Federal Republic of Germany, there is increased acceptance of the world-wide WGS84 (World Geodetic System), introduced in 1984. It become even more important after the intentional degradation of the GPS signal was lifted in Mai 2000.

With Galileo, the European satellite positioning system, which is operational at the end of 2010, and with the to the same time modernized Navstar GPS (GPS III), the development of the modern satellite navigation continues.
A modern system

The sheer multitude of different Coordinate and Reference systems did and still does considerably complicate multinational space-oriented projects. Proliferation of GIS technologies driven by increased use of GPS and globalization of trade, politics, and environmental protection adds to demand for more multinational geodetic data. An important condition for progress in this area is a unified coordinate system along with a unified reference system. The global UTM coordinate system (Universal Transversal Mercator Projection) with 60 meridian strips can be used worldwide. The ETRS89 (European Terrestrial Reference System 1989) based on the ETRF89 (European Terrestrial Reference Frame) was analyzed and measured by a combination of various modern navigational methods, is assessed as European ReferenceSystem.

ETRS89
In the 1990-ties the Surveying Authorities of most European countries decided to use for extensive topographic and cadastral projects the UTM coordinate system and the ETRS89 reference system. It is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid (Geodetic Reference System). UTM coordinates are used for projection in most maps across Europe.

There is another big advantage in moving to the modern coordinate and reference systems. The American Satellite Navigation System GPS data is referenced to the WGS84 (World Geodetic System). The minor difference between WGS84 and ETRS89 makes it possible to use GPS data in modern maps directly, with negligible impact on accuracy.

Exact datum shifts from DHDN90 to the modern ETRS89 are possible with grid files of the NTv2 standard since 2008.

（坐標轉換參考系統）TRANSDAT 16.47 Multilanguage | Homepage: www.killetsoft.de/p_trda_e.htm

（坐標轉換參考系統）TRANSDAT 16.47 Multilanguage | Size: 3.12 MB